The determination of a number of items in the right number is very essential for a company, but in actual practice, it is not trivial task. There are many factors that influence them such as inventory and sales levels. If a number of the ordering goods is too slight or too much, it will effect in the fulfillment of consumer demand. One of the ways that can be used to predict a number of ordering goods is a Fuzzy Inference System (FIS) using Tsukamoto fuzzy logic method. Three variables that are used in this study, namely sales, inventory, and ordering or purchasing. The sales input variables are divided into 3 categories, namely down, constant, and rise. Then, inventory input variebles are divided into 3 categories, namely a slight, moderate and many, likewise ordering input variables also consists in 3 categories, namely less, constant, and increase. The next step is the combination of rules from all events, then performing inference and defuzzifikasi to find average centered.To prove the applied method against manual calculations are then implemented in the developed system. The results of the system calculation do not much different with the calculation results that are done by manually. This is proven by information in the table of Mean Squared Error (MSE) with error results of under 1. So, without prejudice to accuracy in the calculation, the system can be used to save time in determining the amount of the ordering goods. The proposed method can help for research object, in this case is retail company to determine a number of ordering goods.

Watermarking is a copyright authentication technique. This research proposes a robust watermarking method with a combination of Tchebichef transformation and singular value decomposition (SVD). To maintain imperceptibility, embedding is done on one of the selected frames. Frames are randomly selected to increase watermark security. Frame selection is based on two integer keys processed by a linear congruential generator (LCG). The selected frame is then converted to its color space from RGB to YCbCr. Y channel (luminance) was selected to be processed by Tchebichef transformation based on block 8 × 8, the coefficient 0.0 for each block of the transformed results was selected and collected on a matrix. This matrix is then transformed with SVD and a singular matrix is selected for watermark embedding, this method is done to increase robustness. Based on the test results, the imperceptibility value is very good with an average value of 50.952dB, based on the PSNR as a measuring tool. Whereas in the robustness aspect, a value of 0.927 is generated based on the results of the measurement of the correlation between the watermark and the original watermark, where these results are the average extraction results without and with various attacks.

<span>Image watermarking is one of the most popular techniques for authenticating copyright on the digital image. Many research on image watermarking has proved that the joint of Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) and Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) combinations can improve both imperceptibility and robustness when compared to DCT or DWT only. Discrete Tchebichef Transform (DTT) denotes an alternative transformation that has a similarity property with DCT. DTT has an advantage in reducing memory requirements during computing, so the calculation speed is much faster than DCT. This study tested the performance of DTT and DCT on non-blind image watermarking method, where DTT and DCT are performed after DWT. Based on the experimental results, this research proved that the DTT was combined successfully with DWT and very potential for further investigation because it has a computing performance much better than DCT. While the image watermarking quality, both the imperceptibility and robustness aspects were completely identical with the combination of DCT and DWT transformation.</span>

No abstract

A good watermarking method should be robust against attacks but have good visual quality. This research proposes a combination of two transformations i.e. Tchebichef and singular value decomposition (SVD). Arnold's algorithm is also integrated to improve the security of the watermark and visual quality of the watermarked image. Arnold's transformation was carried out on the cover image with the aim to spread watermark. Furthermore, the cover image is divided into small blocks and transformed using Tchebichef. The lowest coefficient of each Tchebichef block is collected in a matrix for decomposition with SVD, then the watermark is embedded in the singular matrix. Based on the results of testing the proposed method can have excellent visual quality with PSNR values ranging from 45dB and SSIM averaging 0.998. The proposed method is also robust to various attacks such as filtering, noise addition, geometry, and signal processing.