Postural control (or balance) can be defined statically as the ability to maintain a base of support with minimal movement, and dynamically as the ability to perform a task while maintaining a stable position (C. J. Winstein, E. R). The development of equilibrium capacities is known to be critical for both the acquisition and the control of motor skills (Massion. J., 1992). Since balance control is an essential component for the optimal functioning of any locomotors system (Winter DA et al., 1990), gait and balance control together needs to be investigated in order to correct inappropriate performance and prevent injury. This study focus was to investigate the correlation between posture and balance changes in normal and healthy adolescent's (boys and girls). A total of 61 subjects (21 females and 40 males) aged 19-20-year-old students, participated on this study. We have conducted a postural screening, which included digital photography in 4 plans (anterior view, right lateral view, posterior view, left lateral view) and postural evaluation with Posture Screen Mobile program were done, was also performed a set of 4 balance tests BT (Balance Test) a) (Rom EO); b) (Rom EC); c) (SemTanEO); d) (SemTanEC); e) (TanEO); f) (TanEC), on Leonardo Mechanography Platform. Statistical analyses were performed using IBM SPSS Statistics version 2.0. Results shows that generally all subjects have a good balance and orientation level in all tests (with open and closed eyes). Also based on the results we can say that the correlation between posture and balance changes in ages 19-20 it's really relevant. The posture screening and the analysis of balance are of great importance in studies trying to understand the ageing process. Also differences between genders are of great interest especially if a proper exercise program focused in postural improvement can be implemented.

Postural control has been viewed as an example of the famous problem of motor redundancy (Bernstein, 1967) in this case formulated as the problem of coordinated changes in the activation of numerous muscles of the lower extremities and the trunk. Muscular stability and mobility, skeletal structure, and muscular balance all influence postural alignment (Kendall, F.P et al., 1983;Fortin, C., 2011). Depending on the severity of the postural deviations, poor posture may result in pain and can affect physical function and the ability to perform activities of daily living (Katzman, W.B., 2007). Aim of this review was searching studies focusing on the effects physical activity on postural adjustments. We searched PubMed, ResearchGate, JabRef. From 166 studies only 6 fulfilled the inclusion criteria's. A total of 150 subjects with age ranging from 22-61 years old participating in different exercise intervention programs. In general, there are few studies focusing on the effects of physical activity on postural control and adjustments and also all the studies have enrolled a low number of subject which lead to a necessity for further research with larger groups of subjects and different type of physical activity intervention programs in order to better identify which is the most effective.

Over the last several years, increasing attention has been paid to abdominal adiposity and its association with increased mortality (Janssen I et al., 2004;Pischon T et al., 2008). Evidence for the positive effect of exercise on novel risk factors of the metabolic syndrome such as disturbances in adipokine secretion and low-grade inflammation confirms the importance of exercise in the treatment of the 'new concept' metabolic syndrome (You T, Nicklas BJ., 2008). Main objective of this paper was to compare the effects of traditional training and functional training on metabolic age and visceral fat in 18-30 years old subjects. 40 subjects: 20 in traditional training group (12 Males and 6 Females) & 20 in functional training group (12 Males and 6Females), 18-30 years old were selected to take part in this 14-weeks intervention study. Subject underwent body composition parameters including visceral fat and metabolic age using BIA (Tanita BC 601). Data results pointed out that both training regimens produced a significant reduction (p < .05) in metabolic age and visceral fat but the subjects in the functional training group had better results.

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Low back pain is a common musculoskeletal symptom that may be either acute or chronic. It may be caused by a variety of diseases and disorders that affect the lumbar spine. Exercise can improve back extension strength, mobility, endurance, and functional disability. (Manniche C et al., 1988;Manniche C et al., 1991). Participant in this case study was a 33 old female subject that presented complaining for severe chronic low back pain in the past two months. Anthropometric, body composition (BIA) spinal X-ray and MRI were conducted before and after intervention. Results show a statistically significant improvement in: Total body weight from 109.1 kg to 90.8 kg, BMI from 36 to 29.47, Total BF (%) from 43.7 to 29 (p < .05). The exercise program helped her to improve her daily life and be more productive in her work task. Exercise functional and traditional training program had a positive effect on body composition and in decreasing chronic low back pain. It is important that these exercise training programs to be prescribed from appropriate specialist and should be personalized for the specific individual needs in order to achieve the best results.