Background:Recent studies hypothesize that dyslipidemia can predict glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and could be important contributing factor to the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2). Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the influence of lipid parameters on long-term glycemic control in DM2.Materials and Methods:A total of 275 sedentary DM2 (mean [±standard deviation] age 60.6 [±10.0] years) who volunteered to participate in this cross-sectional study were enrolled. Anthropometric (body weight, body hight, and waist circumference), biochemical parameters (fasting glucose, HbA1c, lipid parameters, creatinine), as well as blood pressure were obtained.Results:Total cholesterol (odds ratio [OR] =1.30, 95% confidence interval [CI] [1.02–1.66], P = 0.032), triglycerides (OR = 1.34, 95% CI (1.07–1.67), P = 0.010), and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (OR = 1.42, 95% CI [1.10–1.83], P = 0.006) were the independent predictors of higher HBA1c, and as they increased by 1 mmol/L each, probabilities of higher HBA1c increased by 30%, 34%, and 42%, respectively. Low level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) was found to be the independent predictor of higher HBA1c (OR = 0.44, 95% CI [0.20–0.67], P = 0.039), and increase in HDL-c by 1 mmol/L, reduced the probability of higher HBA1c by 56%.Conclusion:Unfavorable lipid profile can predict HbA1c level in DM2 patients. Early diagnosis of dyslipidemia, as well as its monitoring and maintaining good lipids control can be used as a preventive measure for optimal long-term glycemic control.

The research encompassed 708 children of both genders, aged 6 to 15. Three hundred and fifty four of the total number had been diagnosed with Asthma bronchiale, whereas the other half of the children were healthy and served as a control group. Their nutritional condition was determined on the basis of the percentile value of their BMI. Recent studies on the level of nutrition and its connection to asthma have shown contradictory results. This paper was aimed at estimating the nutritional level of sick children in relation to healthy ones. The data were analyzed in relation to group, gender and age by means of descriptive methods, univariate (analysis of variance - ANOVA) and multivariate (multivariate analysis of variance - MANOVA), whereas the results were tested by Roy’s test (Pearson contingency coefficient χ, coefficient of multiple correlation R). It was determined that male children more frequently suffer from this disease than female children do. Both healthy and sick children were normally nourished. However, as regards the sick, the number of normally nourished was considerably lower, whereas the number of underweight was considerably higher, as well as those that were overweight. Intergroup differences in the distribution of certain levels of nutrition of male and female children occurred in only two non-sequential age groups, being later in boys than in girls. This uneven distribution is probably a consequence of the joint effects of environment factors, sickness and therapy

The puberty represents one of the most critical children and adolescents growth and development period, when considerable differences between age and sex may be observed. The aim of this paper was to determine body height, body mass, menarche and nutritional status in children aged 13 and 14 in Podgorica (urban area) and Berane (the rural area around Berane). This overview study, according to International Biology Program (IBP) instructions, was performed in 2018 in elementary schools in Podgorica and Berane, and includes children aged 13 and 14. In Podgorica, 216 students underwent analysis, while 214 of them underwent analysis in Berane. Boys from Podgorica had a slightly higher average body height, body weight and body mass index (BMI) in examined years compared to boys from Berane, but there was no statistical significance. Girls aged 14 years from Podgorica are slightly higher average body height and BMI and statistically significant (p <0.05) higher mean body weight compared to girls from Berane. An analysis of the nutritional status of children aged 13 and 14 in Podgorica and Berane shows that the highest percentage of boys (68.5% from Podgorica and 68.4% from Berane) and girls (75.7% from Podgorica and 74% from Berane) are in the category of normal weight. Girls in Podgorica have a menarche with 12.15 ± 0.84 and girls in Berane with 12.51 ± 0.68 years, which is a statistically significant difference (p=0.03). The girls in Podgorica have been puberty earlier than their peers in Berane. Higher obesity rate in girls in urban areas, leads to a conclusion that the attention should be particularly directed towards the diet and origin of food, especially in child development period.

Background/Aim. Nowadays, low birth weight is considered to be one of the main causes of cardiovascular diseases or metabolic syndrome occurring later in life. Many studies have shown a strong impact of abnormal birth weight onto the future development, however, due to its stronger influence onto the development, a special emphasis is placed on low birth weight as compared to higher one. There is still no high-percentage accuracy test that will clearly classify expectant women under the risk of giving birth to a child too low or too big for gestational age. The aim of this paper was to set up a model that may indicate future low or high birth weight. Methods. This study included 191 expectant women who were divided into three groups, based on the birth weight (group 1: ? 3,000 g; group 2: 3,000?4,000 g; group 3: ? 4,000 g). The values of biochemical (pregnancy associated plasma protein A ? PAPP-A, free ? human chorionic gonadotropin) and ultra-sonographic markers (nuchal translucency) as well as their multiple of the median (MoM) were determined and com-pared among groups. Results. It was shown that the values of PAPP-A MoM were considerably lower in groups of expectant women that had a fetus with low body weight (p = 0.003, p = 0.001). Statistically significant correlation between PAPP-A MoM and the newborn?s weight (rs = 0.221, p = 0.001) was proven among the groups examined within this study. Conclusion. The usage of a combination of biochemical parameters, sonographic and demographic data in screening program increases the chances for early identification of fetuses that are under higher risk for growth restriction or increased growth. Al-so, the increase in the value of PAPP- A MoM causes the increase of fetus? body weight.