Ocean convection in the Antarctic has been studied many times and has been revealed to be responsible for ice-cover reduction. In the Arctic, proof of that phenomenon has not been documented. It is believed that this phenomenon happens on a smaller scale in the Arctic when local circulation of deep warmer water melts and slows ice production. An example of this is the North Water (NOW) polynya in northern Baffin Bay. A polynya is an area of open water in an otherwise ice-covered area. As ice forms under the fast ice near the boundary of the polynya, ocean salts (brine) are ejected from the newly formed ice. This water, which has an increased concentration of salt, sinks and is replaced by warmer water from below, and this slows ice formation. In our study a coupled one-dimensional thermodynamic snow-fast ice model incorporating ocean heat flux input via a shallow convection model was used. Ice thickness was calculated using a thermodynamic model that included a current-induced entrainment model and a convection model to account for brine rejection during ice growth. Atmospheric observations from Grise Fiord and Thule and ocean profiles around the NOW polynya near these sites were used as input to the model. This purely thermodynamic study enables us to obtain ice thickness values that can be compared with qualitative observations. This modelling study compares two sites related to the NOW polynya. The results indicate that the shallow convection model simulates the reduction of fast ice near Thule but not near Grise Fiord.RÉSUMÉ [Traduit par la rédaction] La convection océanique dans l'Antarctique a été étudiée à de nombreuses reprises et il ressort qu'elle est la cause de la réduction de la couverture de glace. Dans l'Arctique, aucune preuve de l'existence de ce phénomène n'a pas été documentée. On croit que ce phénomène se produit à une plus petite échelle dans l'Arctique quand la circulation locale d'eau profonde plus chaude fait fondre la glace ou en ralentit la production. La polynie des eaux du Nord, dans le nord de la baie de Baffin, en est un exemple. Une polynie est une superficie d'eau libre dans une région autrement couverte de glace. À mesure que la glace se forme sous la banquise côtière près de la lisière de la polynie, le sel océanique (saumure) se trouve éjecté de la glace nouvellement formée. Cette eau, dont la concentration en sel est plus forte, s'enfonce et est remplacée de l'eau plus chaude d'en dessous, et cela ralentit la formation de la glace. Dans cette étude, nous avons utilisé un modèle thermodynamique unidimensionnel couplé neige-banquise côtière incorporant l'effet du flux de chaleur océanique au moyen d'un modèle de convection peu profonde. L'épaisseur de la glace a été calculée à l'aide d'un modèle thermodynamique qui incorporait un modèle d'entrainement par le courant ainsi qu'un modèle de convection pour tenir compte du rejet de saumure durant la croissance de la glace. Les observations atmosphériques de Grise Fiord et de Thule et les profiles océaniques entourant la polynie des e...
This paper presents a statistical ice event forecast model for the Arctic based on Fourier transforms and a mathematical filter. The results indicate that this model compares very well with both a multiple regression model and a human-made forecast. There seems to be a direct link between the period associated with the dominant spectral peak of the Fourier transform and the ease with which the date of events, such as fractures, bergy water, or open water, can be forecast. While useful for the normal timing of events, at this time, none of the current forecast models can predict events that occur before or beyond the usual or historical dates, which poses a forecast problem in the Arctic.
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