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Objective: Analysing the concepts of Continuous Health Education -CHE (EPS -in Portuguese), operated by municipal managers and translated into official documents. Method: Qualitative research with the use of official documents and semi-structured interviews with the Municipal Health Secretaries or Coordinators of Primary Health Care in the Northeast Region of São Paulo State, and thematic analysis of empirical material. Results: Results indicate difficulties in the municipalities problematizing their management practices, services and health care; EPS tools presented are insufficient and unsatisfactory for amending the array of problems raised and are still far from the routine of Primary Care services. Conclusion: Despite efforts to implement EPS actions for the strengthening of primary care, the process appears to be incipient.

Three different composite T-joint designs were investigated experimentally and numerically for application in fuel-filled wing tanks under hydrodynamic ram (HRAM) loads. The test campaigns covering 0° T-pull and 30° T-bending tests were conducted under quasi-static and high-rate dynamic conditions in order to assess potential strain rate effects on the failure behaviour. In addition to the experimental test campaign, numerical modelling with the explicit finite element code LS-Dyna was conducted with the models being validated against the test results and being applied to ballistic impact simulations of a composite fuelfilled tank structure. While the unreinforced baseline design showed a rather brittle behaviour and poor performance, significant residual strength improvements and structural integrity under HRAM loads could be obtained with a hybrid design with metallic, arrow-shaped z-reinforcements between the composite laminates of skin and spar. A promising macro modelling approach for an efficient representation of the T-joint failure behaviour in large models was derived and successfully applied to structural HRAM simulations.

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BP Exploration (Alaska) Inc. (BPXA) and its Northstar Project Alliance contractors started field construction of the Northstar development in January 2000 (Lanan et al. 2000). In April 2000, the offshore section of the Northstar pipeline reached Seal Island, located in 11 m water depth Northwest of Prudhoe Bay. Seal Island is in the Beaufort Sea, 9.7 km offshore from the shore crossing at Point Storkersen, on the North Slope of Alaska. Design, testing and permitting activities required multiple years leading up to this first of it kind pipeline construction project. Figure 1 shows the offshore pipeline welding spread working on the floating sea ice surface, similar to the conventional procedures used on the overland portion of the Northstar pipeline. This paper presents the limit state design of the offshore pipelines and the associated full-scale experimental program, which demonstrated that the pipelines can safely withstand operational bending strains up to 1.8%.