European Society of Anaesthesiology.

Perioperative forced-air warming of women undergoing cesarean delivery with epidural anesthesia prevents maternal and fetal hypothermia, reduces maternal shivering, and improves umbilical vein pH.

Continuous epidural infusion of 0.1% ropivacaine results in lower pain scores and opioid consumption and higher patient satisfaction when compared with placebo. Application of ropivacaine using an epidural catheter seems to be a highly effective treatment for postoperative pain after major lumbar spinal surgery.

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