Resumo − O objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar a aptidão de genótipos de batata-doce (Ipomoea batatas) para consumo humano, produção de etanol e alimentação animal, por meio de índices de aptidão. Os índices de aptidão corresponderam às médias dos valores das variáveis padronizadas para 16 características de interesse, ponderadas por pesos atribuídos a cada característica, conforme a aptidão avaliada. Utilizou-se o delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso, com duas repetições e 39 genótipos: 36 acessos da coleção de germoplasma da Universidade Federal de Lavras e três cultivares comerciais (Palmas, Brazlândia-Branca e Brazlândia-Rosada). Oito genótipos foram considerados aptos à produção de etanol, 11 à alimentação animal e 11 ao consumo humano, incluindo as cultivares Palmas e Brazlândia-Branca. Os acessos UFLA07-12, UFLA07-31, UFLA07-43, UFLA07-49 e UFLA07-53 apresentaram aptidão para produção de etanol, alimentação animal e consumo humano. O índice de seleção é eficiente para estabelecer aptidões para genótipos de batata-doce.Termos para indexação: Ipomoea batatas, biocombustível, índice de seleção, produção de biomassa, produção de ramas, qualidade nutricional. Aptitudes of sweet potato genotypes for fresh consumption, ethanol production and animal feedAbstract − The objective of this work was to identify agronomic aptitudes of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) genotypes for fresh consumption, ethanol production, and animal feed, using aptitude indices. The aptitude indices were established as the weighted means of standardized variables for 16 traits of interest, using different weights for each trait according to the evaluated aptitude. The experimental design was a completely randomized block, with two replicates and 39 sweet potato genotypes: 36 accessions of the germplasm collection of Universidade Federal de Lavras (Brazil) and three commercial cultivars (Palmas, Brazlândia-Branca e Brazlândia-Rosada). Eight genotypes were considered apt to ethanol production, 11 to animal feed, and 11 to human consumption, including the cultivars Palmas and Brazlândia-Branca. The accessions UFLA07-12, UFLA07-31, UFLA07-43, UFLA07-49, and UFLA07-53 showed aptitude for ethanol production, animal feed and human consumption. The selection index is efficient in establishing aptitudes for sweet potato genotypes.
How to cite SILVA, L.F.L. e; GOnçALVES, W.M.; MALUF, W.R.; RESEnDE, L.V.; LASMAR, A.; CARVALHO, R. de C.; LICURSI, V.; MOREttO, P. Energy and budget balances for sweet potato-based ethanol production.Abstract -The objective of this work was to assess the viability of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) for ethanol production, as well as to estimate the energy and budget balances for the crop. Data from the agricultural and industrial production phases were evaluated. Those from the agricultural phase were estimated from a field experiment and used for comparison of sweet potato genotypes. Those from the industrial phase were estimated based on the literature on the fossil fuel energy and electricity consumed in the ethanol production process. With average yields of 35 Mg ha -1 roots and 12 Mg ha -1 dry stems, the output/input ratios were 6.64 and 1.93 for the energy and budget balances, respectively. For yields of 50 and 80 Mg ha -1 roots (17 and 27 Mg ha -1 dry stems, respectively), the indexes for energy balance were 7.16 and 7.68, respectively, and those for energy budget were 2.76 and 4.42. The obtained results confirm the great aptitude of the sweet potato crop for biofuel production.
O jiló é uma solanácea com frutos de cores (verde-escuros, verde-claros, brancos) e formatos (de redondo a alongado) variados. Por tratar-se de uma espécie pouco difundida mundialmente, têm sido pouco estudados os modos de herança de suas características de importância econômica. O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar a herança de cor e formato de frutos de jiló. Foram utilizadas sementes das variedades Morro Redondo (MR), Comprido Verde-Claro (CVC) e dos cruzamentos e retrocruzamentos: F1(MRxCVC), F2(MRxCVC), RC11[MRx(MRxCVC)], RC12[CVCx(MRxCVC)]. A existência de um gene maior no controle dos caracteres comprimento (C), diâmetro (D) e relação C/D foi testada pela função de máxima verossimilhança. Já para cor de frutos imaturos, foi testada a hipótese de herança monogênica, pelo teste de chi-quadrado. O diâmetro do fruto é controlado por um gene maior com efeito aditivo apenas, mais poligenes com efeitos aditivos apenas. O comprimento do fruto e a relação C/D são controlados poligenicamente, por genes cujos efeitos são predominantemente aditivos. A cor dos frutos imaturos é controlada por um gene maior com dois alelos, sendo o alelo que confere a coloração verde-escura dominante sobre o alelo que confere a coloração verde-clara, porém, há indícios de genes modificadores envolvidos.
Tomato fruits (Solanum Lycopersicum) are intended for human consumption in its in natura or industrially processed form. However, the expansion of its cultivation area has favored the emergence of pests, such as spider mite (Tetranychus urticae), which significantly affects the production. The objective of this study was to quantify and evaluate the repellency of tomato lines to spider mite in function of the gene Mi and of the individual and synergistic effects of acylsugar and zingiberelene allelochemicals. The experiment consisted of a complete randomized design with four replications. For the bioassay, four fully expanded leaflets with similar size were removed from the upper third of the plants at pre-flowering phenological stage. The bioassay was carried out in a cold chamber, at 16±1°C, and 64 ± 4% RH. The gene Mi was not effective in conferring repellency to spider mite. On the other hand, zingiberene and acylsugar were efficient and equivalent regarding repellency to spider mite. When combined in tomato lines, zingiberene and acylsugar had synergistic effect, which increased repellency to spider mite.
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