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This paper presents a principled analysis of various combinations of image features to determine their suitability for remote eye tracking. It begins by reviewing the basic theory underlying the connection between eye image and gaze direction. Then a set of approaches is proposed based on different combinations of well-known features and their behaviour is evaluated, taking into account various additional criteria such as free head movement, and minimum hardware and calibration requirements. The paper proposes a final method based on multiple glints and the pupil centre; the method is evaluated experimentally. Future trends in eye tracking technology are also discussed.

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This work gives an overview of a new technology that is attracting growing interest in public as well as in the computer industry itself. The visible difference from other technologies is in the use of a pen or pencil as the primary means of interaction between a user and a machine, picking up the familiar pen and paper interface metaphor. From this follows a set of consequences that will be analyzed and put into context with other emerging technologies and visions.Starting with a short historical background and the technical advances that begin making Pen Computing a reality, the new paradigms created by Pen Computing will be explained and discussed. Handwriting recognition, mobility and global information access are other central topics. This is followed by a categorization and an overview of current and future systems using pens as their primary user interface component.

Hysteroscopy and falloposcopy are routine procedures in gynecological endoscopy. Injuries to the cervix or uterine perforations due to blind manipulation or wrong use of instruments are the most common complications associated with these procedures. In vitro simulators have been shown to be valuable tools in the laparoscopic training of physicians. Therefore we developed a simulator for hysteroscopy offering realistic anatomical and physiological training conditions. Additionally, we examined different polymer substances as basic materials for organ modules that allow the realistic application of electric instruments, e.g. resector blades and rollerball.