The aim of this study was to analyze the individual and combined antimicrobial effects of avocado seed (Persea americana) and ketepeng cina leaf (Cassia alata) methanol extracts against Staphylococcus epidermidis using the Kirby Bauer assay. Variations in the proportions of P. americana to C. alata (A: K) extracts were 4: 0 mg/mL, 8: 0 mg/mL, 12: 0 mg/mL, 0: 4 mg/mL, 0: 8 mg/mL, 0: 12 mg/mL, 4: 4 mg/mL, 4: 8 mg/mL, 4: 12 mg/mL, 8: 4 mg/mL, and 12: 4 mg/mL respectively, and the tests were executed in four replicates. The positive controls used were Clindamycin and Chloramphenicol, while the negative was DMSO. After 24 hours of incubation, zones of inhibition were exhibited by the experimental group and positive control, but not by the negative test. The largest diameters from the methanol extract of P. americana seeds and C. alata leaves singly at strengths of 12 mg/mL were 5.96 mm and 9 mm, while the mixture at various concentrations showed the pattern of growth organism as an indifferent (additive) effect.

This study aims to synthesize chitosan nanoparticles - n-hexane extract of Cinnamomum parthenoxylon (CP) fruit using the ionic gelation method, to characterize them, and to determine their antifungal activity against the wood-rotting fungi Trametes versicolor and Fomitopsis palustris. Chitosan-CP extract nanoparticles were formulated with chitosan:Na-TPP:CP extract ratio of 1:1:0.5. Particle size and polydispersity index were determined using a particle size analyzer (PSA), and particles morphology was observed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM), and antifungal activity was measured using agar media. The results revealed that the average size of chitosan nanoparticles (base) was 276.9 nm, while the average size of chitosan-CP extract nanoparticles was 807.6 nm. The polydispersity index (PI) of both nanoparticles was greater than 0.7. Observations of the nanoparticles' morphology revealed that aggregation/agglomeration formed in the resulting particles. Both nanoparticles chitosan (base) and chitosan-CP extract inhibited the growth of white rot fungi (T. versicolor) more than brown rot fungi (F. palustris), as measured by the inhibitory zone.