Objective: to develop a model of training in video-surgery, of low cost and that uses a smartphone as an image-generating source. Methods: We developed a 38cm high, 40cm wide, 40cm long hexagonal-shaped training box, with a front opening of 12x8 cm for coupling the smartphone. The internal illumination is made with LED lamps and for the support of the smartphone, we used a selfie stick, fixed in the upper part of the box, that allows control of height, distance, angulation, and the coupling of devices with different formats. We selected 20 undergraduate students without previous training in video-surgery, who performed four exercises in the box, with assessment of the time and amount of errors in the execution of the tasks. Each student completed the training for three consecutive weeks. We collected the data in spreadsheets for later analysis. Results: Nineteen students completed the training program, with significant improvement in the times and in the number of errors. Conclusion: the developed model was feasible and promoted the acquisition of skills in this group of students. In addition, it presents low cost, is portable and uses common equipment, such as smartphones.
InTRODUçãODesde 1886, quando foi descrito pela primeira vez por Fitz, a apendicectomia é o procedimento de escolha para os casos de apendicite aguda 2 .Ao longo do tempo, as técnicas operatórias foram evoluindo, e a videocirurgia surgiu para minimizar os efeitos dos procedimentos operatórios 2,5,7,10 .Em 1982, Kurt Semm, em Kiel, Alemanha, realizou a primeira apendicectomia por via laparoscópica, embasado no sucesso da utilização da videocirurgia para outros órgãos como a vesícula biliar, com bom campo operatório 5,7,10 . Este método proporciona alguns benefícios relevantes para os pacientes, tais como, menor tempo de internação, melhor pós-operatório, menor índice de infecção da ferida operatória, retorno precoce as atividades habituais, além de proporcionar completa visualização da cavidade abdominal 1,2,4,5,8.9 .Apesar desses benefícios, muitos ainda não a consideram como procedimento padrão devido à falta de estudos para seguimento de seus resultados à longo prazo e pelo elevado custo financeiro e recursos tecnológicos necessários 2,3,6 .O presente estudo tem por objetivo relatar os resultados obtidos em 300 casos de apendicite aguda avaliados prospectivamente, tratados com apendicectomia videolaparoscópica e seguidos a longo prazo. MÉTODOSForam estudados 300 casos de apendicectomias videolaparoscópicas que procuraram atendimento no Hospital da Beneficência Nipo-Brasileira da Amazônia, no período de agosto de 2000 à julho de 2008.Após o diagnóstico confirmado de apendicite por exame físico e leucograma, era iniciado o preenchimento de protocolo próprio e os preparativos pré-operatórios. O protocolo incluía dados demográficos, aspectos clínicos e de achados físicos para o diagnóstico, resultados do leucograma, aspectos técnicos do procedimento cirúrgico, posição do apêndice, fase de inflamação apendicular, operações associadas realizadas, tempo operatório, complicações pós-operatórias e a recuperação pós-operatória.A técnica cirúrgica utilizou 3 portais de acesso à cavidade abdominal, localizados em: região mediana supra umbilical (trocarte de 10 mm), transição do flanco esquerdo para a fossa ilíaca esquerda (trocarte de 10mm) e em fossa ilíaca esquerda (trocater de 5 mm) (Figura 1).
Introduction: Food is a key factor both in prevention and in promoting human health. Among the functional food are highlighted probiotics and prebiotics. Patent databases are the main source of technological information about innovation worldwide, providing extensive library for research sector. Objective: Perform mapping in the main patent databases about pre and probiotics, seeking relevant information regarding the use of biotechnology, nanotechnology and genetic engineering in the production of these foods. Method: Electronic consultation was conducted (online) in the main public databases of patents in Brazil (INPI), United States (USPTO) and the European Patent Bank (EPO). The research involved the period from January 2014 to July 2015, being used in the title fields and summary of patents, the following descriptors in INPI "prebiotic", "prebiotic" "probiotics", "probiotic" and the USPTO and EPO: "prebiotic", "prebiotics", "probiotic", "probiotics". Results: This search haven't found any deposit at the brazilian patents website (INPI) in this period; US Patent &Trademark Office had registered 60 titles in patents and the European Patent Office (EPO) showed 10 documents on the issue. Conclusion: Information technology offered by genetic engineering, biotechnology and nanotechnology deposited in the form of titles and abstracts of patents in relation to early nutritional intervention as functional foods, has increasingly required to decrease the risks and control the progression of health problems. But, the existing summaries, although attractive and promising in this sense, are still incipient to recommend them safely as a therapeutic tool. Therefore, they should be seen more as diet elements and healthy lifestyles.
Objective: To evaluate new techniques and improvements in surgical instruments related to intestinal anastomosis procedures. Methods: A search was conducted on the free database of patents from the National Institute of Industrial Patent Office (INPI) and The United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO). Were analyzed all occurrences between 2012 and 2016 related to experimental surgery and intestinal anastomosis. The requests for patents were examined individually and the data collected was the nationality of the applicant, if was physical (PP) or legal (LP) person and if was innovation or invention. At the end, a comparative analysis between the two institutions was performed. Results: In INPI was found only 5 occurrences. All of them were deposited by legal entity and were inventions. In addition, only one was a national request. In USPTO database, 65 occurrences met the inclusion criteria. Of these, 48 were national applications and only 5 were filed by physical person. Conclusion: More requests were found in US database, predominating national trustee and greater solicitation to inventions than Brazilian database. The main applications for patents are invention of surgical instruments, the development of new biological glues and improvement of mechanical sutures. Keywords: patents, gastroenterology, surgical anastomosis.
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