Background In Peru, tuberculosis (TB) is perceived as a nutritional disease. This perception, alongside factors including household food insecurity, may drive the food choices of people with TB and influence treatment outcomes. Objectives The objective of this qualitative study was to explore drivers of food choice among adults recently diagnosed with TB. Methods The study was conducted between April and December 2016 in the Huaycán district of Lima, Peru. Structured questionnaires were administered to 39 adults with TB at the time of diagnosis and after 1 mo of treatment to characterize food security and socioeconomic status. At 1 mo of treatment, 24-h dietary recalls, enhanced by recipes obtained from local street vendors, were administered to examine patterns of food consumption and determine mean daily intake of macro- and micronutrients. Among a subset of 9 participants, in-depth interviews were used to explore dietary beliefs and food choices associated with TB. Results Overall, 13.2% of participants were underweight at baseline, and 10.5% were overweight. At 1 mo of treatment, the mean caloric intake was 600 kcal/d over what was needed to maintain their current weight. Most of these additional kilocalories came from carbohydrates. Patients made active efforts to improve their diets during treatment, and were both receptive to, and actively sought out, nutritional advice. However, many patients reported significant unnecessary spending on questionable commercial products, such as expensive natural remedies and nutritional supplements. Conclusions The perceived connection between TB and diet creates both opportunities and challenges for treatment providers. Nutritional counseling provided through the national TB program should promote dietary quality through foods that are locally available, inexpensive, and aligned with cultural perceptions of health and wellness.

Objective: To identify the causes of breastfeeding abandonment and the success factors associated with relactation in mothers with children attended in a specialised health institution. Methodology: Descriptive transversal design through non-probabilistic convenience sampling, with 100 mothers and their children. A structured survey was used and central tendency measurements and frequencies were analysed. The study was approved by the Ethics committee of the School of Health Sciences at the University Pontificia Bolivariana. Results: The average age was 26.8 years; 73 % had a low socioeconomic level; 59 % were cohabitating; 46 % were housewives; 32 % had a high school degree; 57 % were first-time mothers; 74 % had a high obstetric risk; and 59 % had children by caesarean section. Causes of breastfeeding abandonment were newborn hospitalization (79 %) and low birth weight (52 %). Health professionals suggested substitutes for hypogalactia in 18 % of the mothers. Incorrect maternal posture: 66.1 and 61 % with no previous experience. Relactation success factors were: chronological age under one month (48 %); effective newborn breast sucking (89 %); good newborn breast grasping (71 %). During the non-breastfeeding period, 72 % received mixed milk, 82 % did not breastfeed between 8 and 30 days, 98 % of the mothers were willing to relactate, 91 % considered the support of their families and health professionals as good. Conclusion: Children hospitalization was the main cause of breastfeeding abandonment and the main success factors for relactation were effective breast sucking, mothers’ readiness and support.

Introducción: los profesionales de enfermería son los cuidadores que prestan la mayor parte de la atención directa que reciben los pacientes. Comprender lo que los pacientes perciben como comportamientos de cuidado es esencial para adaptar las intervenciones de enfermería de tal manera que se llegue a satisfacer las necesidades del paciente. Objetivo: describir la percepción de los comportamientos de cuidado otorgados por enfermería que tienen los profesionales del área en una clínica de alta complejidad de la ciudad de Medellín (Colombia). Método: estudio descriptivo, transversal. Se incluyeron 81 profesionales de enfermería que laboraban en la institución para el 2018. Se utilizó un instrumento que mide la percepción del cuidado otorgado por el profesional, el cual se denomina: evaluación de los comportamientos de cuidado otorgado por enfermería (ECCOE). Resultados: de los 81 profesionales de enfermería que participaron en el estudio, la percepción de cuidado otorgado por enfermería tuvo una valoración global de 89,4%. En la relación de las puntuaciones promedio obtenidas en cada subescala, se observó mayores promedios para el soporte/protección/ambiente con 92,3%, asistencia en las necesidades humanas con 92,0%, humanismo/fe-esperanza/sensibilidad con 91,8%, y promedios menores en fuerzas existenciales/fenomenológica/espiritual con 88,6% ayuda/conanza con 86,5%, expresión de sentimientos positivos/negativos con 85,5% y enseñanza/aprendizaje con 84,7%. Conclusión: los profesionales perciben los comportamientos de cuidado de manera positiva. Fue posible establecer aspectos como ayudar al paciente a jarse metas para su salud, planicar cómo lograrlas y no abandonarlo ni alejarse cuando esté triste. Los hallazgos permiten orientar los comportamientos de cuidado para adaptar las intervenciones de enfermería y satisfacer las necesidades del paciente.

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