Mobile apps are touted as helpful tools to track and treat mental health difficulties. Growth in this area is particularly relevant for youth and young adults given the pervasive integration of technology into daily life among younger generations. However, there is limited empirical evidence supporting the usability and/or efficacy of mental health apps for youth and young adults with anxiety disorders. This article offers a review of studies that contained qualitative or quantitative data pertaining to a mobile application for the assessment, prevention, or treatment of anxiety in youth. Apps with a broader scope were included if their findings specifically addressed a reduction in anxiety, as were ecological momentary assessment apps that tracked anxiety. In total, 22 articles met full eligibility criteria, providing data on 14 smartphone apps studied with individuals ages 5-28. This review details each of these apps and associated studies, including their features, efficacy data, and app usability. Results indicated that treatment apps have received moderate to high marks in terms of ease of use, acceptability, and overall satisfaction. Assessment apps were rated as easy to use and had moderate to high satisfaction ratings; however, user engagement declined over time. Passive sensing technology provides the potential for smartphone apps to learn user patterns and identify behavioral indicators that map onto changes in mood. Studies reviewed here provide preliminary support for the use of apps as helpful and accessible tools in the assessment and treatment of anxiety in youth. Future directions and apps to watch are discussed.
Public Significance StatementThis article reviews the evidence base supporting mobile apps for the assessment and treatment of anxiety in youth and young adults. It provides an early guide for psychologists looking for safe, reliable, and effective mobile tools available to supplement existing treatments.
Transdiagnostic approaches promise robust conceptualizations of pathology and efficient and generalizable treatments by providing researchers with a novel way to integrate basic science, treatment research, and developmental psychopathology. It has inspired innovations in treatment development by distilling the most powerful treatment components from our library of evidence-based treatments. Transdiagnostic approaches have proved especially appealing in the youth domain given high rates of comorbidity and rapid developmental change. The chapter begins with an introduction to transdiagnostic conceptual definitions and history, then reviews state of the art cognitive, behavioral, and social research that explains mechanisms in the onset or maintenance of pathology using a transdiagnostic lens. It concludes with a review of the early efforts of transdiagnostic researchers to develop interventions to address multiple disorders simultaneously in children and adolescents. In all, the chapter provides a comprehensive introduction to the foundation and future directions of this emerging field.
The original version of this article unfortunately contained a mistake. As it turns out, one of the authors names is incorrect-it is written as Andreas "Damiandies" when it is actually Andreas "Damianides".The original article has been corrected.Publisher's Note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
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