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Intrauterine pressure throughout the cycle may be higher in dysmenorrheic women, which could hypothetically lead to uterine muscle hypertrophy. Additionally, possible changes in ovarian hormone levels together with changes in local microcirculation might have an effect on the endometrium w1-4x. Therefore, using B-mode ultrasonography, we investigated whether there are differences in uterine diameter and endometrial thickness between control women and women with severe primary dysmenorrhea (PD).Thirty-six women with severe dysmenorrhea and 43 healthy controls were examined. The ultrasound equipment used was the Logiq 500 color Doppler scanner, with 5 MHz transvaginal transducer (General Electric, USA). Longitudinal, anteroposterior and transverse diameter of the uterus and doublethickness of the endometrium were measured. Statistical differences between groups were analyzed using Student's t-test with a 95% confidence interval.The mean age of the women was 22 (range 17-30), and 22 years (range 16-30), and the mean length of their menstrual cycles was 29 (range 27-33) and 28 days (range 26-31) for the control and dysmenorrheic group, respectively. There were no significant differences between groups with respect to age or the length of their cycles. Longitudinal, anteroposterior and transverse diameters of the uterus in both groups are shown in Fig. 1 and Table 1. Statistically significant differences were observed (P-0.05) in anteroposterior and transverse diameters of the uterus between these groups. The thicknesses of the endometrium for control and dysmenorrheic women are shown in Table 2. Statistically significant differences were observed (P-0.05) between groups in both phases of the cycle.According to the results of this study, it seems that the uterus is thicker and the endometrium is thinner in patients with severe PD, as compared to the healthy controls. In healthy women the uterus is stimulated mildly, mostly at the time of menstruation, but in women with PD the uterus is very likely under constant stimulation w1,2x. The constant stimulation of the uterine muscle could lead

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