These results implicate familial factors in susceptibility to the triggering of narrowly defined postpartum depressive episodes in women with recurrent major depression. They suggest that a postnatal onset definition of within 6-8 weeks of delivery may be optimal in studies of the triggering of depressive illness by childbirth.

Boron removal from and reinsertion into the framework of a HAMS-1B (H-[B]-ZSM-5) borosilicate molecular sieve was studied by a combination of wet chemistry and 11 B solid-state NMR (SSNMR) spectroscopy. Uncalcined HAMS-1B shows only tetrahedral boron. However, three boron species are observed in the NMR spectra of as-prepared and then calcined HAMS-1B-3: tetrahedral framework boron ( [4] B fr ), trigonal framework boron ( [3] B fr ), and nonframework trigonal boron ( [3] B NF ). A picture has emerged as to the origins of these three species. Trigonal boron species are formed via hydrolysis by reaction with the water formed from water release and water formed by oxidation and removal of the template during calcination. [3] B NF is confirmed to be due to free boric acid formed by complete removal of boron from the framework. The trigonal boron species are readily removed from the framework by slurrying in water or mild acid solutions. Tetrahedral boron remains at a concentration about equal to that in the calcined sieve, indicating that it is more difficult to remove. The extent of boron removal and reinsertion is pH dependent. Boron is removed to a greater extent at low pH and can be reinserted when pH is increased. Boron reinsertion into the framework is proven by 11 B SSNMR of a series of 10 B-11 B exchanged borosilicate zeolites. Surprisingly, when boron is reinserted it enters as tetrahedral boron, not trigonal boron, thus reversing the partial hydrolysis and removal during calcination.

These results implicate familial factors in susceptibility to the triggering of narrowly defined postpartum depressive episodes in women with recurrent major depression. They suggest that a postnatal onset definition of within 6-8 weeks of delivery may be optimal in studies of the triggering of depressive illness by childbirth.

Family expectations about recovery are linked with important variables such as emotional wellbeing and engagement in the rehabilitation process and need careful management by clinicians.

Marine cyanobacteria are a rich source of bio-active metabolites that have been utilized as leads for drug discovery and pharmacological tools for basic science research. Here, we describe the re-isolation of a well-known metabolite, barbamide, from Curaçao on three different occasions and the characterization of barbamide’s biological interactions with targets of the mammalian nervous system. Barbamide was originally discovered as a molluscicidal agent from a filamentous marine cyanobacterium. In our hands, we found little evidence of toxicity against mammalian cell cultures. However, barbamide showed several affinities when screened for binding affinity for a panel of 45 receptors and transporters known to be involved in nociception and sensory neuron activity. We found high levels of binding affinity for the dopamine transporter, the kappa opioid receptor, and the sigma receptors (sigma-1 and sigma-2 also known as transmembrane protein 97; TMEM97). We tested barbamide in vitro in isolated sensory neurons from female mice to explore its functional impact on calcium flux in these cells. Barbamide by itself had no observable impact on calcium flux. However, barbamide enhanced the effect of the TRPV1 agonist capsaicin and enhanced store-operated calcium entry (SOCE) responses after depletion of intracellular calcium. Overall, these results demonstrate the biological potential of barbamide at sensory neurons with implications for future drug development projects surrounding this molecule.