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bounds to the PM and AM noise of the second output harmonic, computed by Eqs. (1) and (2)-(6), are shown in Figure 2. The uncertainty on the output PM noise is of the order of 20.3 dB and is almost independent of fD. The expected output-to-input PM noise ratio of 6 dB is obtained for 3 = 0 within 50.005 dB, which indirectly confirms that 0 is the most likely value of 3.The output AM noise is very close to that of the source, with virtually zero uncertainty for f D 2 1 kHz. Only at very low frequency deviations and for 3 > 0 is some loss of numerical accuracy observed, due to the very high PM-to-AM noise ratio that makes the computation ill conditioned. It is thus clear that a valid noise analysis can indeed be performed by Eq. (6) on the basis of a simplified statistical description of the noisy source, consisting of PM and AM noise only. ABSTRACT In this article we present a modified least-squares boundary residual (LSBR) method for the rigorous analysis of microwave integrated circuits (MICs). The method is relatively convergent and a semianalytical relative convergence criterion is found to be very important in optimizing its convergence. Moreover, the problem of the poor conditioning of the least-squares matrices has been rigorouslv resolved.ABSTRACT A simple method for obtaining optical transmission spectra of AI, Ga,.,As epilayer by translucent A B wax is presented. Absorp-tion spectra are measured for x in the range of 0 < x < 0.8. For the Tlii Ti( energy bandgap, the aluminum concentrations, calculated from the experimental data with a formula derived by the ray-optics merhod, are in good agreement with those reported. 0 1992 John Wile! & Sons, Inc.

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