This review is a comprehensive survey of the last 10 years of research on ammonia-borane and amine-borane dehydrogenation mediated by complex metal hydrides (CMHs), within the broader context of chemical hydrogen storage. The review also collects those cases where CMHs are the catalyst spent form or its resting state. Highlights on the reaction mechanism (strictly dependent on the CMH of choice) and the catalysts efficiency (in terms of equivalents of H2 produced and relative reaction rates) are provided throughout the discussion.
Introduction 4178 2. Group 7 Metals 4180 2.1. Manganese 4180 2.2. Rhenium 4180 3. Group 8 Metals 4182 3.1. Iron 4182 3.1.1. Iron Complexes Containing P 4 and P n Ligands Resulting from the Degradation of the P 4 Tetrahedron (n < 4) 4182 3.1.2. Synthesis, Coordination Chemistry, and Reactivity of Pentaphosphaferrocene 4187 3.1.3. Polymers and Supramolecular Assemblies Based on the Pentaphosphaferrocene Building Block 4194 3.1.4. Polyphosphorus Ligands, P x (x > 5) 4197 3.2. Ruthenium 4197 3.3. Osmium 4201 4. Group 9 Metals 4202 4.1. Cobalt 4202 4.2. Rhodium 4215 4.3. Iridium 4220 5. Group 10 Metals 4222 5.1. Nickel 4222 5.2. Palladium 4227 5.3. Platinum 4227 6. Group 11 Metals 4229 6.1. Copper 4229 6.2. Silver 4230 6.3. Gold 4231 7. Abbreviations 4232 8. Acknowledgments 4232 9. References 4232 † This contribution is dedicated to our colleague and friend Prof. Piero Stoppioni on occasion of his 65th birthday and in recognition of his outstanding achievements in the field of white phosphorus activation. ‡ Note: In figures showing X-ray crystal structures, H atoms are generally omitted for clarity unless specified.
This
perspective illustrates the electromagnetic induction heating
technology for a rational heat control in catalytic heterogeneous
processes. It mainly focuses on the remarkable advantages of this
approach in terms of process intensification, energy efficiency, reactor
setup simplification, and safety issues coming from the use of radio
frequency heated susceptors/catalysts in fixed-bed reactors under
flow operational conditions. It is a real enabling technology that
allows a catalytic process to go beyond reactor bounds, reducing inefficient
energy transfer issues and heat dissipation phenomena while improving
reactor hydrodynamics. Hence, it allows pushing catalytic processes
to the limits of their kinetics. Undoubtedly, inductive heating represents
a twist in performing catalysis. Indeed, it offers unique solutions
to overcome heat transfer limitations (i.e. slow heating/cooling rates,
nonuniform heating environments, low energy efficiency) to those endo-
and exothermic catalytic transformations that make use of conventional
heating methodologies.
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