The remarkable features of natural bio-structures depend on their hierarchic structure which is an organized assembly of structural units at increasing size levels. It follows the primary importance of developing breakthrough processes to transform plant-derived hierarchical structures into biomedical devices for bone substitution and regeneration with smart anisotropic performances.The remarkable features of natural bio-structures depend on their hierarchic structure which is an organized assembly of structural units at increasing size levels. It follows the primary importance of developing breakthrough processes to transform plant-derived hierarchical structures into biomedical devices for bone substitution and regeneration with smart anisotropic performances. ISSN 0959-9428 PAPER E. V. Skorb, H. Möhwald et al. Photocatalytically-active and photocontrollable coatings based on titania-loaded hybrid sol-gel films FEATURE ARTICLE Gregory G. Wildgoose et al. Characterising chemical functionality on carbon surfaces As featured in: Ique consed mi, sam ipsae eles minulparia voluptata sitae vendel ius et quam, si dolest, te sum im ventota sedi nes ad www.rsc.org/materials Registered Charity Number 207890 Bis in ererorro excearum fuga. Mus persperrum corion nossimod ulpa commo tetum fugias reperib uscime nonsequam facia voluptam venim que quid quias porem doluptatibus nus dendias ea volores aut et Title: From wood to bone: multi-step process to convert wood hierarchical structures into biomimetic hydroxyapatite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering The remarkable features of natural bio-structures depend on their hierarchic structure which is an organized assembly of structural units at increasing size levels. It follows the primary importance of developing breakthrough processes to transform plant-derived hierarchical structures into biomedical devices for bone substitution and regeneration with smart anisotropic performances. Image reproduced by permission of XXXXXXXXXXXXXX Image reproduced by permission of Anna TampieriHydroxyapatite (HA) bone scaffolds characterized by highly organized hierarchical structures have been obtained by chemically transforming native woods through a sequence of thermal and hydrothermal processes. The whole chemical conversion has been carried out through five steps from native wood to porous hydroxyapatite: 1) pyrolysis of ligneous raw materials to produce carbon templates characterized by the natural complex anisotropic pore structure; 2) carburization process by vapour or liquid calcium permeation to yield calcium carbide; 3) oxidation process to transform calcium carbide into calcium oxide; 4) carbonation by hydrothermal process under CO 2 pressure for the further conversion into calcium carbonate; 5) phosphatization process through hydrothermal treatment to achieve the final hydroxyapatite phase. The five steps of the phase transformation process have been set up in order to achieve total phase conversion and purity maintaining the original native microstructure. An innovative biomim...

Heterogeneous gas–solid reactions drive the biomorphic transformation of natural wood into large 3-D osteoinductive hydroxyapatite scaffolds with damage-tolerant mechanical performance.

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