ObjectiveTo conduct a systematic review on language outcomes after left and right hemispherectomy in childhood, a surgical procedure that involves removing or disconnecting a cerebral hemisphere.MethodsWe searched MEDLINE, Embase and PsycInfo for articles published between January 1, 1988 and May 16, 2019. We included: (1) all types of observational studies; (2) studies where hemispherectomy was carried out before age 18 and; (3) studies with standardised scores measuring receptive vocabulary, expressive vocabulary, sentence comprehension, and/or sentence production. We calculated mean z-scores after left and right hemispherectomy in the whole group and within aetiology-specific subgroups.ResultsOur search identified 1,096 studies, of which 17 were eligible. The cohort added up to 205 individuals (62% left hemispherectomy) assessed 1 to 15 years after surgery. In the left surgery group, all language skills were impaired (z scores <−1.5) except sentence comprehension. In the right surgery group, language performance was in the borderline range (z scores ∼ −1.5). Children with cortical dysplasia showed the worst outcomes irrespective of surgery side (z scores <−2.5). Individuals with left vascular aetiology and right-sided Rasmussen Syndrome showed the best outcomes.ConclusionEvidence based on the largest patient cohort to date (205 participants) suggests that the risk of language impairment after hemispherectomy is high, with few exceptions. Aetiology plays a major role in post-surgical plasticity. We recommend specialist evaluation of language skills soon after surgery to identify intervention targets. Large scale studies examining outcomes in consecutive cases are still needed.

BACKGROUND Health care delivery in schools is a frequently adopted approach to reduce health care inequalities. Lack of parental trust has been identified as impacting participation in school‐based health care programs (SBHPs). The aim of our systematic review is to outline themes related to parental trust in SBHPs. METHODS We searched MEDLINE, Embase, CINHAL, ERIC, PsycInfo, and Web of Science for articles published between 1969 and 2019. Eligible studies (1) were peer‐reviewed primary research articles; (2) were school‐based health interventions or screening programs; (3) included parental trust data; and (4) were carried out on schoolchildren from pre‐K to grade 12. Study location, data collection date, number of participants, demographics, intervention type, study aim and methodology, and all trust themes mentioned, were extracted. Studies were critically appraised using the CASP checklist for qualitative research. RESULTS We identified 9 themes related to parental trust in SBHPs: (1) safety; (2) effectiveness; (3) health professionals' training and credentials; (4) communication; (5) confidentiality; (6) providers; (7) government, authorities, and health service; (8) the pharmaceutical industry; and (9) research and data sharing. CONCLUSIONS The themes identified provide a framework for examining trust in SBHPs, and may guide the development of interventions to increase trust and engagement in SBHPs.