Dementia is one of the most common illnesses worldwide, and is one of the most important causes of disability in older people. Currently, dementia affects over 35million people around the globe. It is expected that this number will increase to 65.7million by 2030. Early detection, diagnosis and treatment to control the principal behaviour symptoms may help reduce these numbers and delay the progression to more advanced and dangerous stages of this disorder with resultant increase quality of life for those affected. The main goal of the present systematic literature review was to examine contemporary evidence relating to non-pharmacological therapy in the treatment of dementia. To achieve the study goal, the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement was used. This study identified the five most common behaviours in patients with dementia as aggression, wandering, agitation, apathy and sleep disturbances. Two non-pharmacological therapies were the most studied treatment: music therapy and aromatherapy. Ten other non-pharmacological therapies were also identified, but these lack a sufficient evidence-base. Although all the therapies identified could be used as part of the treatment of behavioural symptoms, there is insufficient evidence relating to the indications, appropriate use and effectiveness of these therapies to apply in each behavioural treatment. Thus, the present study has demonstrated a significant research gap. Despite the widespread use of many different types of therapies, there is limited evidence regarding the efficacy of non-pharmaceutical therapies deployed in the management of behaviours of concern manifested by some people who suffer with dementia in all its forms. This systematic review examines contemporary evidence from the literature to determine whether there is an evidence base available that would underpin the use of these therapies. This report on a PRISMA systematic review of the available literature demonstrates that only two therapies have some evidence to underpin the use of these non-pharmaceutical therapies and that a significant research gap is exists. The implications for practitioners is that significant research effort is required to determine the efficacy of many of the therapies that are currently deployed, and thus many of the therapies used lack an evidence base at this time.
Este artículo reflexiona sobre algunos de los debates que han surgido en contextos “emergentes” frente a las formas de abordar la “emergencia” provocada por la presencia y expansión del Covid19, desde sus alertas generadas a finales de 2019 hasta las declaratorias de pandemia en marzo de 2020. Así, desde un enfoque interdisciplinar, revisa los desafíos para la aplicación de parámetros éticos en la investigación y atención en salud acerca de la prevención, tratamiento y comunicación en torno al Covid 19, así como a una revisión crítica de los hitos de las políticas que se han aplicado en una sociedad del riesgo, hiperconectada digitalmente, con un énfasis urbano-global (y que invisibiliza lo rural-local) y atravesada por desigualdades profundas en los recursos y transferencia de conocimiento del Sur global que requieren un análisis diferenciado.
Este artículo tiene como objetivo describir las condiciones de salud, físicas y visuales de adultas mayores físicamente activas. Se trata de un estudio cuantitativo, observacional, descriptivo de corte transversal con mujeres mayores de 60 años pertenecientes al grupo de adulto mayor de la Universidad Santo Tomás de Bucaramanga. Se evaluó agudeza visual, cualidades físicas y riesgo de caídas. Los datos fueron organizados, depurados en Excel y validados en EpiData. El análisis se efectuó teniendo en cuenta la naturaleza y la distribución de los datos.de 33 mujeres, con un promedio de edad de 68 años. El 93.94 % tenían obesidad. Presentaron valores normales para la resistencia aeróbica, fuerza de miembros inferiores y superiores. El 90.90 % de las participantes tenía agudeza visual entre 20/20 y 20/40, con un promedio de estereopsis de 49.47 segundos de arco. No se evidencia dependencia estadísticamente significativa al relacionar la agudeza visual y la estereopsis con el rendimiento de las mujeres en la prueba del circuito de obstáculos. La buena salud ocular y agudeza visual atenúan el riesgo de caídas. Una buena condición física representa riesgo mínimo de caída, por ello, resulta relevante generar planes de entrenamiento interdisciplinarios que permitan el mantenimiento de las funciones físicas y visuales de los adultos mayores.
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