Background: Syphilis is caused by the spirochete bacterium Treponema pallidum, and manifests in a broad range of ocular clinical presentations. The most common risk factors for syphilis and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection include participating in unprotected sex and having sex with multiple partners. Among the population of men who have sex with men (MSM), syphilis is diagnosed more often in patients who have been previously diagnosed with HIV. Case Reports: We present 2 case reports of patients presenting to the eye clinic with complaints of foggy vision. Clinical examination revealed keratic precipitates, vitritis and swollen optic nerves. Both patients had a prior diagnosis of HIV and were not currently on treatment with antiretroviral therapy. Additional workup in both cases resulted in a diagnosis of neurosyphilis secondary to optic nerve involvement. Conclusion: Routine eye screening and treatment in patients diagnosed with HIV and/or syphilis is important in minimizing the likelihood of irreversible vision loss. It is recommended that all patients with syphilis be tested for HIV due to the close association between the two infections, as well as possible progression to neurosyphilis. CE Notification: This article is available as a COPE accredited CE course. You may take this course for 1-hour credit. Read the article and take the qualifying test to earn your credit. Click here to Enroll (https://www.crojournal.com/ocular-syphilis-with-hiv-co-infection)

Conjunctival intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) is a dysplastic lesion of the conjunctiva and is the most common tumor of the ocular surface. CIN typically presents as a fleshy, gelatinous lesion that is typically located at the limbus. Risk factors include ultraviolet light exposure, immunocompromised state, history of smoking and human papilloma virus (HPV). Case Report: We present a case of CIN in a 76 year-old African American patient whose only complaint was of dry eye symptoms. Anterior segment examination revealed a gelatinous, vascularized lesion on the bulbar conjunctiva of the right eye. Excisional biopsy revealed a diagnosis of CIN with positive margins. The patient was treated with topical interferon alpha 2b drops. Conclusion: CIN is a neoplastic disorder that has a relatively favorable prognosis with treatment which includes both topical and surgical management. Careful anterior segment examination is crucial in detecting these lesions with prompt referral for treatment. CE Notification: This article is available as a COPE accredited CE course. You may take this course for 1-hour credit. Read the article and take the qualifying test to earn your credit. Click here to Enroll (https://www.crojournal.com/conjunctival-intraepithelial-neoplasia)