Biomechanics is the examination of the structure and function of biological systems by means of the methods of mechanics. Finite element analysis is a computer-based numerical analysis method that can be used to calculate the response of a model to a set of well-defined boundary conditions. Although typical analysis methods, FE analysis can be used to analyze structures of complicated geometry and inhomogeneous material properties. The finite element method is an ideal method for analyzing live tissues such as femur bone this is since it has complex geometric shapes and inhomogeneous material properties. The objective of an FE analysis is to find the distribution of an unknown within a body. In this research, a simplified model of the femur with some of the inner structures (trabeculae, Haversian canals, marrow) was designed. After designing, a simplified model, FE analysis, and optimization were done. Obtained results showed that the max stress is 5.2717e8 Pa. It reached 4.5687e8 Pa after optimization of the model.

A powerful new complement to traditional synchronous teaching is emerging: intelligent tutoring systems. The narrative: A learner interacts with a digital agent. The agent reviews, selects and proposes individually tailored educational resources and processes – i.e. a meaningful succession of instructions, tests or groupwork. The aim is to make personal tutored learning the new norm in higher education – especially in groups with heterogeneous educational backgrounds. The challenge: Today, there are no suitable data that allow computer-agents to learn how to take reasonable decisions. Available educational resources cannot be addressed by a computer logic because up to now they have not been tagged with machine-readable information at all or these have not been provided uniformly. And what’s worse: there are no agreed conceptual and structured models of what we understand by “learning”, how this model-to-be could be implemented in a computer algorithm and what those explicit decisions are that a tutoring system could take. So, a prerequisite for any future digital agent is to have a structured, computer-accessible model of “knowledge”. This model is required to qualify and quantify individual learning, to allow the association of resources as learning objects and to provide a base to operationalize learning for AI-based agents. We will suggest a conceptual model of “knowledge” based on a variant of Bloom’s taxonomy, transfer this concept of cognitive learning objectives into an ontology and describe an implementation into a web-based database application. The approach has been employed to model the basics of abstract knowledge in engineering mechanics at university-level. This paper addresses interdisciplinary aspects ranging from a teaching methodology, the taxonomy of knowledge in cognitive science, over a database-application for ontologies to an implementation of this model in a Grails service. We aim to deliver this web-based ontology, its user-interfaces and APIs into a research network that qualifies AI-based agents for competence-based tutoring.

Specific finite detail modeling of the human body gives a capable primary enhancement to the prediction of damage risk through automobile impact. Currently, car crash protection countermeasure improvement is based on an aggregate of testing with installed anthropomorphic test devices (i.e., ATD or dummy) and a mixture of multibody (dummy) and finite element detail (vehicle) modeling. If an incredibly easy finite element detail version can be advanced to capture extra statistics beyond the abilities of the multi-body structures, it might allow advanced countermeasure improvement through a more targeted prediction of overall performance. Numerous research has been done on finite element analysis of broken femurs. However, there are two missing pieces of information: (1) choosing the right material properties, and (2) designing a precise model including the inner structure of the bone. In this research, most of the chosen material properties for femur bone will be discussed and evaluated.