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The heat transfer characteristics of an impinging jet into a crossflow have been investigated by the liquid crystal thermography technique. The jet nozzle is circular and is inclined at 10 deg with respect to the target wall. In a turbulent flow regime, the effects of the jet Reynolds number, the velocity ratio, and the crossflow Reynolds number on the heat transfer are examined. The results show that the heat transfer patterns are strongly affected by the jet Reynolds number and the velocity ratio. For a given jet Reynolds number, it is found that the crossflow diminishes the peak Nusselt number in the jet impingement region. However, in the wall jet region, the results suggest that the local heat transfer is nearly independent of the crossflow Reynolds number.

The endwall heat transfer characteristics of forced flow past bluff bodies have been investigated using liquid crystal thermography (LCT). The bluff body is placed in a rectangular channel with both its ends attached to the endwalls. The Reynolds number varies from 50,000 to 100,000. In this study, a single bluff body and two bluff bodies arranged in tandem are considered. Due to the formation of horseshoe vortices, the heat transfer is enhanced appreciably for both cases. However, for the case of two bluff bodies in tandem, it is found that the presence of the second bluff body decreases the heat transfer as compared to the case of a single bluff body. In addition, the results show that the heat transfer exhibits Reynolds number similarity. For a single bluff body, the Nusselt number profiles collapse well when the data are scaled by Re 0.55 ; for two bluff bodies arranged in tandem, the heat transfer scaling is changed to Re 0.51 , indicating that the power index of Reynolds number is flow dependent.

Experimental studies are carried out to investigate the heat transfer characteristics involving an impinging jet with a shallow-angle in a crossflow. A rib is applied to control the jet impingement heat transfer. Liquid crystal technique is employed to measure the wall temperature and obtain the heat transfer coefficients. In the study, the Reynolds number for the crossflow is 80,000 and the Reynolds number for the jet ranges from 20,000 to 40,000. This gives rise to the jet-to-crossflow velocity ratio varying from 1.4 to 2.8. For all the tested cases, it is found that the presence of rib makes the Nusselt number profiles across the stagnation point change from a classical bell-shaped profile to a plateau-like pattern, indicating the enhanced heat transfer region expands more as the rib is present. In particular, the presence of rib has a more pronounced effect on the enhancement of heat transfer at lower velocity ratio (R = 1.4). However, in such case, the local heat transfer in the rib corner region deteriorates. At higher velocity ratio, especially at R = 2.8, the presence of rib makes the heat transfer rate more uniform, but meanwhile, it is found that the impinging jet effect tends to be weaker.