In recent years, research has demonstrated the efficacy propolis as a potential raw material for pharmaceuticals and nutraceuticals. There is limited report detailing the mechanisms of action of propolis and its bioactive compounds in relation to their anti-inflammatory properties. Thus, the aim of the present review is to examine the latest experimental evidence (2017–2022) regarding the anti-inflammatory properties of propolis. A systematic scoping review methodology was implemented. After applying the exclusion criteria, a total of 166 research publications were identified and retrieved from Scopus, Web of Science, and Pubmed. Several key themes related to the anti-inflammatory properties of propolis were subsequently identified, namely in relation to cancers, oral health, metabolic syndrome, organ toxicity and inflammation, immune system, wound healing, and pathogenic infections. Based on the latest experimental evidence, propolis is demonstrated to possess various mechanisms of action in modulating inflammation towards the regulatory balance and anti-inflammatory environment. In general, we summarize that propolis acts as an anti-inflammatory substance by inhibiting and downregulating TLR4, MyD88, IRAK4, TRIF, NLRP inflammasomes, NF-κB, and their associated pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β, IL-6, IFN-γ, and TNF-α. Propolis also reduces the migration of immune cells such as macrophages and neutrophils, possibly by downregulating the chemokines CXCL9 and CXCL10.

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Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) is a frequent cause of visits to health care provider during adolescent period. Heavy menstrual bleeding is the most frequent clinical presentation of AUB. This condition particularly worrisome in this group not only when it occurs at menarche, but also anytime afterward when bleeding lasts longer than 7 days, blood loss is greater than 80 mL per cycle, or other warning signs that indicate a history of heavy bleeding such as anemia. Careful history and examination can help elucidate the best next steps for workup and management. The primary goal of treatment is prevention of hemodynamic instability. Therefore, assessing the severity and cause of bleeding is important. Therapeutic approach in the acute period should be established according to the degree of anemia and amount of flow. Treatment options for medical care of AUB generally include hormonal, nonhormonal and surgery. Additionally, long-term management with hormonal therapy in patients with severe uterine bleeding is known to be safe for developing HPO axis. Keyword: Abnormal uterine bleeding, adolescents, heavy menstrual bleeding

Background: Dementia is a neurocognitive disorder associated with the aging brain and mainly affects the hippocampus and cerebral cortex. The Hippo signaling pathway and autophagy proteins have been found to be perturbed in the brain affected by dementia processes. Objective: This systematic review aims to elaborate on the involvement of the Hippo signaling pathway and autophagy in modulating the progression and severity of dementia in aging. Methods: Searches were conducted on MEDLINE, Google Scholar, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. Results: The Hippo signaling pathway is dependent upon the transcriptional co-activator YAP/TAZ, which forms complexes with TEAD in the nucleus in order to maintain cell homeostasis. When the expression YAP/TAZ is reduced, transcriptional repression-induced atypical cell death, ballooning cell death, and necrosis will consequently occur in the neurons. Moreover, the autophagic proteins, such as LC3, ATG proteins, and Beclin, are reduced, resulting in the disruption of autophagosome formation and accumulation and the spread of misfolded proteins in the brain suffering from dementia. Conclusion: The impairment of the Hippo signaling pathway and autophagy in the dementia process in aging should be considered since it might predict the severity, treatment, and prevention of dementia. PROSPERO registration number CRD42022337445.

Breast cancer is a major health problem for women. This cancer is most often diagnosed and the leading cause of cancer deaths in women worldwide. Breast cancer in young women is associated with late diagnosis, aggressive biological characteristics, and poor prognosis. The objective of the study is to determine the prevalence and characteristics of young age breast cancer in Haji Adam Malik General Hospital Medan in 2013-2017. The study design was observational descriptive design with a cross-sectional approach. The study samples were medical records of young women diagnosed with breast cancer who were treated at Haji Adam Malik General Hospital Medan. The prevalence of breast cancer in young age women in Haji Adam Malik General Hospital Medan in 2013-2017 was 234 patients (15.2%). In this study, the samples that fulfilled the inclusion criteria were 153, with the majority characteristics of patients were 35-39 years old, stage III, histopathological type of invasive carcinoma of no special type, grade II, and clinical subtype of triple-negative. The prevalence of young age breast cancer is lower than old age breast cancer. Young women tend to be diagnosed with breast cancer in advanced stage and intermediate grade with aggressive biological characteristics.