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RUПрозвища как основа псевдонимов англоязычных авторов Сидоров А. В.Аннотация. Цель исследования -раскрыть особенности псевдонимов англоязычных авторов XVIII-XXI вв. на основе прозвищ. В статье сопоставляются понятия «прозвище» и «псевдоним» в контексте отечественного и зарубежного языкознания, а также приводятся примеры использования прозвищ в качестве псевдонимов. Научная новизна исследования заключается в комплексном анализе инвентаризованного, но малоизученного эмпирического материала в соответствии с классификацией прозвищ по Д. И. Ермоловичу. В результате обозначены сходства и различия прозвищ и псевдонимов, обоснован выбор вышеупомянутой классификации и доказано, что основу псевдонимов англоязычных авторов могут составлять как антропонимические и «несобственные» прозвища, так и прозвища смешанного типа.
The purpose of the research is to characterise the practice of studying English-language literary pseudonyms from the XVIII-XXI centuries. The paper examines the Russian and foreign experience of scholarly understanding of pseudonyms, as well as provides examples of creating pseudonyms on the basis of various language units. Scientific novelty of the research lies in analysing onomastic material using the field method and systematising scattered scientific information regarding English-language literary pseudonymy. As a result, it has been proved that there are three main approaches to studying English-language literary pseudonyms (onomatographic, literary and onomastic), while the pseudonyms themselves, forming a field structure, are of three types, i.e. proprial, appellative and proprial-appellative.
It was shown that the assumption of straight-line probing beams, which is usually used in reconstructing the plasma density profile from interferometric measurements, leads to unacceptably large errors in the case of a dense plasma. A fast method based on the assumptions of geometric optics is proposed for calculating the interferometric signal. This method takes into account the refraction of the probe wave and can be used in reconstruction of the plasma density profile. The method correctness is confirmed by comparison with the results of full-wave calculations.
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