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Changes in the intensity of lipid peroxidation and serum activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase were similar after 18-month adaptation to new ecological conditions of soldiers serving in two different regions. All values increased and reached the maximum by the 6th month, after which they stabilized; catalase activity decreased after 6 months. Key Words: adaptation; lipid peroxidationLiving in a new ecological setting involves strain of many functional systems responsible for the formation of adaptive reactions of the organism [5,6]. Overstrain and depletion of adaptation reserve can be regarded as a predisease characterized by disordered integration of functional systems at different levels and alteration of many regulatory and homeostatic mechanisms.At present it is believed that activation of freeradical lipid peroxidation (LPO), which can be regarded as an element of nonspecitic tissue injury observed in many diseases, is a universal reaction of the organism to extreme environmental factors [2,11].Our purpose was to investigate the time course of LPO and activities of antioxidant enzymes in blood serum in soldiers after an 18-month adaptation to new ecological conditions. MATERIALS AND METHODSHealthy young men aged 18-24 years were examined. They served in Western Siberia (Tomsk) and in the mountains and deserts of Central Asia (Mongolia).The former region is characterized by continental climate, severe in comparison with the geographical regions of European Russia, situated at the Department of Human and Animal Physiology, A. A. Ukhtomskii Institute of Physiology, St. Petersburg State University same latitudes. A total of 187 subjects were examined here.The latter region is characterized by similar features; the difference of annual temperatures reaches 90~ The Central Asiatic region is characterized by high hypsometric position (2000 m above the sea level), low partial oxygen pressure, intensive solar radiation, and arid climate. In this region, 137 subjects were examined.The examinees were grouped in accordance with B. P. Alisov's classification [!]: by the climatic and geographic zones from which lhey arrived. The time courses of adaptation processes in different groups were compared. Control ~roul)s consisted of soldiers whose service did not involve essential alteration of climatic and geographic conditions: residents of St. Petersburg serving in its environs, with professional loading similar to that in the lwo main groups.Blood was collected at the moment of anival to the place of service (initial status), and then after 1, 3, 6, 12, and 18 months of adaptation to the new region. All examinees lived in similar communal conditions and were exposed to similar exercise. For biochemical analysis, blood was collected from the ulnar vein after an overnight fast and centrifuged at 900g for 20 rain. Serum was frozen in liquid nitrogen and stored until use. For assessing the intensity of LPO, hydroperoxides [3] and 2-thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) [12] were measured.

Introduction. The climatogeographic conditions of the Arctic Zone of the Russian Federation are determined by the proximity to the North Pole of the Earth and are characterized by a number of certain cyclical changes that do not take place in the middle latitudes — the polar day and the polar night. The high-latitude location determines the long period of the polar night, lasting from 98 to 133 days. Being the hallmark of the Arctic, the polar night is an integral part of service in the Arctic region, it has an impact on every geographically involved person, without exception.Purpose of work. To assess the mechanisms of the pathogenesis of visual impairment that develop during the polar night in naval specialists.Materials and research methods. The study involved 92 people. The surveyed contingent is male contract servicemen of the Navy, aged from 21 to 45 years. The analysis of the morbidity structure according to the ophthalmological profile was carried out during the polar night from November 20, 2020 to January 20, 2021 using an epidemiological method of a case-control study. The assessment of unfavorable climatic and geographical factors of the Arctic region during the polar night was carried out by the method of analytical observation and data recording from November 20, 2020 to January 20, 2021 using the example of the Novaya Zemlya archipelago, Belushya Guba village. On the basis of an integral analysis of epidemiological indicators, climatogeographic and clinical and morphological observations, a pathophysiological assessment of diseases of the organ of vision, developing during the polar night in naval specialists, was carried out.Research results show a high level of ophthalmological morbidity during the polar night among naval specialists serving on the Novaya Zemlya archipelago.Conclusions. Climatogeographic factors of the Arctic region have a polyetiological effect on the formation of mechanisms of pathogenesis of disorders of visual functions that develop in naval specialists during the polar night.

The article examines the relationship between the creativity and genetic factors in a serviceman serving in the Arctic region with the special climatic and geographical parameters, a kind of sanitary and epidemiological situation, as well as the complexity of a military labor. A linear correlation analysis of the indicators of a creativity was carried out as one of the most important abilities of the personality, allowing timely response and adaptation to the changing conditions of the external social environment, and the polymorphism of four genes that take an active part in the process of the adaptation to the conditions of the Arctic region: the gene for the serotonin receptor 2A, the gene for angiotensin converting enzyme-1, the gene for neurotrophic factor, as well as the gene for alpha-actinin-3. It was found that the maximum level of verbal and imaginative creativity is observed in carriers of the Val / Val genotype of the neurotrophic factor gene, as well as the RR genotype of the alpha-actinin-3 gene. The carriers of these genotypes are characterized by a high production of neurotrophines that stimulate and support the development of neurons, which may determine the resistance of the central nervous system to unfavorable factors of the external social environment. In addition, the high level of expression of the alpha-actinin-3 protein, characteristic of carriers of the RR genotype of the alpha-actinin-3 gene, promotes accelerated regeneration of skeletal muscles, which may contribute to more optimal adaptation of the body to the harsh conditions of the Arctic region associated with an increased muscle load. When analyzing the angiotensin-converting enzyme gene, the observed patterns with the level of creativity turned out to be less clear, although the servicemen with the DD genotype of this gene showed a minimum level of creativity, which corresponds to the general idea of it as a weaker genotype in terms of the level of general body metabolism and the ability to be active. The characteristics of the creativity in genotypes II and ID of the angiotensin converting enzyme gene were statistically uncertain. The good tightness of the correlation of creativity with the Val/Val genotype of the neurotrophic factor gene, as well as the RR genotype of the alpha-actinin-3 gene, may indicate the advisability of including military personnel planned to be sent to the Arctic region in the examination plan to determine the level of creativity. This will optimize the process of selecting servicemen for service in the Arctic region, and prevent the development of maladjustment disorders, excluding persons with a low adaptive potential.