BackgroundTo obtain robust epidemiological information regarding tuberculosis (TB) in wildlife species, appropriate diagnostic methods need to be used. Wild boar (Sus scrofa) recently emerged as a major maintenance host for TB in some European countries. Nevertheless, no data is available to evaluate TB post-mortem diagnostic methods in hunter-harvested wild boar.Methodology/Principal FindingsSix different diagnostic methods for TB were evaluated in parallel in 167 hunter-harvested wild boar. Compared to bacteriological culture, estimates of sensitivity of histopathology was 77.8%, gross pathology 72.2%, PCR for the MPB70 gene 66.7%, detection of acid-fast bacilli (AFB) in tissue contact smears 55.6% and in histopathology slides 16.7% (estimated specificity was 96.7%, 100%, 100%, 94.4% and 100%, respectively). Combining gross pathology with stained smears in parallel increased estimated sensitivity to 94.4% (94.4% specificity). Four probable bacteriological culture false-negative animals were identified by Discriminant Function Analysis. Recalculating the parameters considering these animals as infected generated estimated values for sensitivity of bacteriology and histopathology of 81.8%, gross pathology 72.7%, PCR for the MPB70 gene 63.6%, detection of AFB in tissue contact smears 54.5% and in histopathology slides 13.6% (estimated specificity was 100% for gross pathology, PCR, bacteriology and detection of AFB in histopathology slides, 96.7% for histopathology and 94.4% for stained smears).Conclusions/SignificanceThese results show that surveys for TB in wild boar based exclusively on gross pathology considerably underestimate prevalence, while combination of tests in parallel much improves sensitivity and negative predictive values. This finding should thus be considered when planning future surveys and game meat inspection schemes. Although bacteriological culture is the reference test for TB diagnosis, it can generate false-negative results and this should be considered when interpreting data.

RESUMO:A necessidade de compreender as limitações e o sofrimento dos indivíduos com alterações orais constitui uma forte motivação para a avaliação da Qualidade de Vida. Este estudo visa adaptar a versão breve do Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14) para a língua e cultura portuguesa e avaliar as qualidades psicométricas. Foi realizado um estudo observacional transversal, com uma amostra de conveniência de 180 indivíduos, com idades entre 18 e 93 anos (M=40,93; DP=16,27). Verificou-se uma pontuação média total de 11,84 (DP=11,14) com maior impacto nas dimensões Dor Física e Desconforto Psicológico. A fidelidade, avaliada através do alfa de Cronbach (α=0,93) e teste-reteste, com 31 participantes, revelou ser muito boa, com correlações significativas positivas, moderadas a elevadas. Para avaliar a validade de construto procedeu-se à análise fatorial pelo método de componentes principais, tratando-se de um instrumento unidimensional. A boa validade de construto foi confirmada pela relação entre autoperceção de saúde oral e OHIP-14. Revelou uma validade concorrente-discriminante aceitável, com correlações negativas fracas a moderadas entre dimensões do OHIP-14 e dimensões e componentes do MOS SF-12. O instrumento revelou ser sensível a variáveis sociodemográficas (idade, escolaridade) e clínicas (sensação de boca seca, falta de dentes naturais, utilização de prótese dentária). A versão desenvolvida possui qualidades psicométricas e clinimétricas aceitáveis. Palavras-chave: qualidade de vida, saúde oral, ohip-14, mos sf-12, psicometria. ___________________________________________________________________________ ORAL HEALTH-RELATED QUALITY OF LIFE: PORTUGUESE LINGUISTIC AND CULTURAL ADAPTATION OF OHIP-14ABSTRACT: The need to understand the limitations and the suffering of patients with oral amendments is a strong motivation for the assessment of Quality of Life. This study aims to adapt the short version of the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14) for Portuguese language and culture and to evaluate the psychometric qualities. A cross-sectional observational study was conducted with a convenience sample of 180 individuals, aged between 18 and 93 years (M= 40.93; SD = 16.27). There was an average total score of 11.84 (SD = 11.14) with the greatest impact on the dimensions Pain Physical and Psychological discomfort. Fidelity as measured by Cronbach's alpha (α = 0.93) and test-retest, with 31 participants, turned out to be very good, with positive significant correlations, moderate to high. To assess the construct validity we proceeded to the factorial analysis by the method of main components, suggesting an unidimensional instrument. The good construct validity was confirmed with significant Rua das Fábricas número 4, 4520-199 Santa Maria da Feira;

Background & Aim: The aging of the population poses new challenges, among others, a greater concern with the teaching of geriatrics and gerontology, especially to future health professionals. The simulation game "Aging Nursing Game" ® was used with the objective of evaluating the impact of an aging simulation game on nursing students' attitudes towards the elderly. Methods & Materials: A pre-test and post-test type quasi-experimental study was performed, without control group. The research was developed between February and July 2018. The subjects of this study were second-year undergraduate nursing students. A game was used as an intervention. To measure the effectiveness of the game, a questionnaire was applied before and after the intervention. The data collection instrument consisted of a questionnaire composed of two parts, the first part for sociodemographic characterization, and another consisting of the Portuguese version of the Kogan Scale (KAOP). Results: The sample consisted of 45 undergraduate nursing students from the 2nd year corresponding to 75% of the population. The attitude towards the elderly person improved significantly before and after the intervention. Of the 34 items on the Kogan Scale (KAOP), 21 improved significantly. Conclusion: The simulation game has proven to be effective in teaching students changing attitudes towards the elderly (p <0.05).

OBJETIVO: Identificar as atitudes dos estudantes de enfermagem em relação à pessoa idosa. MÉTODO: Os estudantes de enfermagem inscritos no segundo ano da licenciatura foram convidados a preencher um questionário no início da unidade curricular de enfermagem geriátrica. Recorreu-se a um estudo quantitativo através da administração da Escala de Atitudes Face aos Idosos de Kogan (KAOP), validada para a população Portuguesa. RESULTADOS: A amostra foi constituída por 39 estudantes que responderam ao instrumento de coleta de dados. A atitude dos participantes em relação aos idosos apresentou um valor médio de 135,56; ligeiramente superior ao valor médio da escala (ponto médio = 119). Não foram evidenciadas relações estatisticamente significativas com nenhuma das variáveis em análise, nomeadamente o gênero, a idade, a experiência e a coabitação. CONCLUSÕES: O estudo permitiu evidenciar que a atitude dos estudantes de enfermagem em relação à pessoa idosa apresenta valores médios ligeiramente positivos, o que poderá constituir um ponto de partida para o desenvolvimento de uma intervenção para modificar a atitude dos estudantes de enfermagem em relação ao envelhecimento. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: idoso; atitude; enfermagem geriátrica; estudantes de enfermagem.

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