Although pyometra is a common disease, the mechanisms that determine cervical opening remain unknown. Knowing that the vascular structures are crucial in pathophysiology, it was observed need for hemodynamic studies assessing uterine artery of female dogs with pyometra and its relation to the neck opening. Thirty-five female dogs were selected and separate into three groups: control group (CG) (n = 12), open-cervix pyometra group (OCG) (n = 11) and closed-cervix pyometra group (CCG) (n = 12), with the objective of evaluating and comparing the hemodynamic changes of the uterine artery [peak systolic velocity (PSV), end diastolic velocity (EDV), and resistance index (RI)] in female dogs with open- and closed-cervix pyometra and correlate them with measurements of uterine diameter (UD) and endometrial thickness (ET). The correlation analysis showed that, with the exception of PSV, the hemodynamics indices were associated with UD and ET, presenting a moderate and positive correlation between UD and EDV (r = 0.62; P<0.01), a moderate and negative correlation between UD and RI (r =-0.68; P<0.01) and also moderate and negative correlation between ET and RI (r = -0.62; P<0.01). These results suggest that alterations of uterine artery hemodynamics are similar in dog females with open- or closed-cervix pyometra, although the UD and the ET can influence in the uterine perfusion.

The purpose of this article is to review the literature on the essential technical aspects of implementing the pulsed Doppler, as part of the teachings to their use in the diagnosis of changes in the canine reproductive system. A narrative review was carried out, using scientific articles, monographs, theses and dissertations published and available in online databases: Periodical Capes (Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel), SciELO (Scientific Electronic Library Online) and Google Scholar, in addition to specific books on the topic. Two-dimensional ultrasound has been widely used in medicine since 1942, leading to advancements in disease identification and subsequent prognosis. In terms of vascular assessment, Doppler ultrasound is used to evaluate the blood flow inside the vessel, its direction, and hemodynamic pattern. Among all types of Doppler ultrasound, the Color Doppler (CD), Power Doppler (PD), and the Pulsed-wave Doppler (PW) are commonly used in the identification of abnormalities through ultrasound flow imaging and the analysis of hemodynamic indices: peak systolic velocity (PSV), end diastolic velocity (EDV), resistance index (RI), and pulsatility index (PI). To accurately estimate these hemodynamic indices, however, it is essential to know the technical adjustments and parameters such as the pulse repetition frequency (PRF), size of the sample volume (Gate), angle of insonation, gain, baseline, and wall filter, which need to be corrected to avoid technician derive artifacts such as aliasing, signal absence, and mirror imaging. In medicine, the use of Doppler Mode in reproductive functions is already well established, but its use in veterinary medicine is still a subject of recent studies.

The purpose of this report is to describe an unusual case of mechanical intestinal obstruction (IOM) in a dog, caused by pequi (Caryocar brasiliense), which resulted in the patient's death, describing the findings in the physical exams, diagnostic aid and necroscopy. IOM is a frequent cause of emergence in veterinary medicine for small animals. It is usually caused by foreign bodies ingested by the animal. As a methodology, a five-year-old dog reported a history of weight loss and anorexia for three days, in addition to frequent vomiting. The results and discussion showed an abdominal ultrasound examination with an oval-shaped structure, measuring about 3.5 cm in length, forming a strong acoustic shadow, with the presence of segmental dilation in the anterior intestinal portion. The radiographic examination showed segments of dilated intestinal loops and filled with gas, with the presence of an oval-shaped radiopaque structure, with dimensions of 2.7 x 1.5 cm, in the region of the small intestine, close to the bladder. The necropsy exam confirmed the location of the foreign body in the proximal portion of the jejunum, already identified by imaging exams, in the case of pequi (Caryocar brasiliense). It was possible to conclude that the pequi seed proved to be a considerable etiological agent of IOM, although there are no other reports.