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The article analyzes the use of 3D-printing technologies in the construction industry. The main trends in the development of this area related to the development of modern software for 3D printers, printer designs and forming extrusion heads of printers, and also to the development of formulations of building mixes used for 3D printing are noted. The relevance of the use of 3D printing technologies using concrete is conditioned by the creation of unique structural elements, objects of landscape gardening architecture or buildings. From the point of view of building materials science, this task includes considering technological factors, and, in particular, the requirements for the concrete mixture. The special attractiveness of these technologies is associated with the possibility of carrying out work on a construction site, with a high degree of mechanization of processes and with an increasing of labor productivity when performing construction and installation work. The purpose of the research described in the article is to develop a methodology for the selection of modifying additives and reinforcing fibers from the condition of obtaining products with the maximum coefficient of structural quality. The article outlines the features of the selection of the composition of concrete for the construction 3D printing. This mixture must have sufficient mobility for pumping it through pipes, set quickly and have good strength characteristics.

The current production status of building ceramics is based on the following realities. First, due to market conditions, the number of ceramics factories in operation has decreased significantly. Second, from 2019, taking into account the pace of housing construction related to the transition to new financing mechanisms, the production of ceramic bricks increased by 2-3% from 2019. Growth opportunities are associated with an increase in the thermal efficiency of ceramic products and masonry based on them. The aim of the research described in the article was the development of compositions for wall heat-efficient ceramics on the basis of loess-like low-quality clay using rice straw as a burnout additive and in particular to determine the optimal consumption of processed rice straw. The scientific novelty of the research consisted in the development of methods for selecting the composition of ceramic mixtures, optimizing their composition and demonstrating the influence of rice straw and rice straw ash on the properties of ceramic mixtures and the properties of products. Rice straw. 5–15% by weight of lint rice straw, which is incorporated into clay masses at the stage of their production and burns at a temperature of 200–300 ° C, burns out the mass and makes it porous, prevents shrinkage phenomena and ash contains up to 20% amorphous silica. Carbonates contained in clay dissociate during firing, interacting with amorphous silicon dioxide and forming various calcium silicates that strengthen the structure of the chip industry.

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