This work presents the data experimentally collected in a chemical laboratory for the calibration of a graduated cylinder. There are several factors that can influence the volume measurement using this type of instrument and, consequently, its metrological reliability, for example: the internal geometry, the environmental conditions (ambient temperature, atmospheric pressure and relative humidity), the acceleration of gravity, the density of the air, among others. For the data collection it was necessary to use a glass liquid thermometer (Range: 0–10 °C), a digital thermohygrometer (Range: 0–100 °C and 0–99%RH) and a digital barometer (Range: 0–9999 mbar). Additionally, an analytical scale (Range: 0–220 g) was used for mass measurement. From the measurements obtained, it was possible to determine the in-situ air density and the buoyancy factor that influences the mass measurement. The data, rigorously obtained, present a potential use to determine the metrological reliability of a graduated cylinder for laboratory use and, additionally, contribute to perform a metrological validation of alternative methods for the calibration of graduated cylinder.