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Endoscopic sub-mucosal dissection for early gastric cancer Introduction: Gastric cancer is the leading cause of mortality in Chile and the survival rates are in direct relation with the stage of the disease. Early gastric cancer is defined as that confined to the mucosa or submucosa, regardless of the presence or absence of regional lymph node metastases and it is characterized for its great prognosis, with a survival rate of more than 90% at ten years of follow up. Endoscopic submucosal dissection is a technique described and developed in Japan that allows the endoscopic complete en-bloc resection of lesions of more than 2 cm with tumor cell-negative margins. Method: Databases (Pubmed, EBSCO, Cochrane) were reviewed under the terms "gastric cancer", "early gastric cancer", "endoscopic submucosal dissection". Results: The results of published series demonstrate survival rates comparable to standard surgery with less morbidity and without mortality. The present revision describes the endoscopic submucosal dissection technique in early gastric cancer, its indications, the results, the analysis of the resected pieces, the complications and the follow up of the patients. Conclusion: Endoscopic submucosal dissection is a feasible technique, with excellent oncologic results and low morbidity in selected patients.

Development of a new endoscopic technique for treatment of achalasia: POEM (Per-Oral Endoscopic Myotomy) Achalasia is the most common primary motor esophageal disturbance. The most recommended surgical treatment is laparoscopic surgical myotomy. In the last years a new endoscopic technique, called Per Oral Endoscopic Myotomy, was developed for the treatment of the disease. Approximately 1.000 patients have been treated using this technique with good results and a low rate of complications. The five critical steps of the technique are elevation of esophageal mucosa, mucosal incision, creation of a submucosal tunnel, myotomy of internal circular muscular fibers of the esophageal wall, extending it to the stomach and closure of the mucosal wound. This article reports the technique and the implementation of an ex vivo swine training model to learn the technique.