Since the Apollo era, the debris-generating interactions between a rocket and extraterrestrial surfaces have caused known risks to large-scale lunar and planetary exploration. In situ resource utilization (ISRU) technology has the potential to solve this challenge by enabling the construction of 3D-printed landing and launch pads. This paper discusses past efforts and designs of these pads with a focus on material sintering and extrusion methods of additive construction. Proposals that are explored include tiles-based construction techniques, lunar regolith sintering methods, 3D architectures to control dust and exhaust plumes, and aerodynamically designed exterior structures. Developments in additive construction methods and materials are also discussed in the context of ISRU landing pad compatibility and potential design constraints. This paper analyzes the strengths and weaknesses of 11 concepts, providing insights into the design, construction, testing, and analysis of landing pad designs that are essential to realizing human habitation on the Moon.
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