En este documento presentamos un análisis técnico y económico para el uso residencial de sistemas fotovoltaicos interconectados a la red eléctrica (BIPVS por sus siglas en inglés) para usuarios estrato 6 en el municipio de Chía, Cundinamarca. Los estudios fueron realizados para tres tipos de vivienda de una constructora para cubrir el 100 %, 70 % y 40 % de los perfiles de carga de las viviendas. Los resultados indican que, gracias a las nuevas políticas gubernamentales (Ley 1715 de 2014) para incentivar tecnologías de generación no convencional, la recuperación de la inversión inicial del proyecto con las condiciones actuales puede llevarse a cabo en alrededor de 7 años y medio para el 100 % de la demanda residencial analizada.
<div class="page" title="Page 1"><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><p><span>En éste trabajo se presenta un esquema de operación para que una planta de generación distribuida de potencia opere de manera aislada </span><span>en un sistema de distribución. Se analiza su funcionamiento mediante </span><span>simulaciones de estado estable y dinámico. </span></p><p><span>Los análisis fueron realizados sobre un sistema de prueba radial IEEE de 13 nodos, gracias a que este tipo sistemas cuenta con diversas configuraciones de fase para las líneas, cargas desbalanceadas, bancos de condensadores y transformadores de media a baja tensión. En cuanto a las tecnologías simuladas, se hizo uso de dos tipos de generación distribuida: generadores síncronos y generadores asíncronos con el fin de incluir energías renovables </span><span>y no renovales, y por otro lado máquinas síncronas y asíncronas. Los </span><span>resultados indican un aumento en los perfiles del voltaje de los nodos más </span><span>críticos del sistema: 1,5 % dependiendo del tipo de tecnología utilizada </span>(máquina síncrona o asíncrona) y 2 % dependiendo del punto de ubicación en la red radial. Durante el control de operación de la máquina PQ, el nivel de cargabilidad “λ” en el nodo 646 del sistema, comparado con la máquina síncrona; aumenta en 0,545 MW, para un nivel de colapso de voltaje de 78,42 V. Las simulaciones muestran que la utilización de fuentes de generación distribuida aumenta la frecuencia de oscilación del sistema de 13 nodos y estas oscilaciones de frecuencia son más grandes cuando se usan máquinas asíncronas del orden de 5,09 Hz. </p></div></div></div>
This article describes a mathematical model implemented in Matlab/Simulink to evaluate the performance of building integrated photovoltaic systems (BIPVS). The proposed methodology allows to model independently the solar panel, the photovoltaic (pv) generator, inverter and the grid to integrate them into a single model in Simulink in order to evaluate the performance of the complete system. The validation of the model was made on a BIPV system of 6 kWp installed in a building at the Universidad de Bogotá Jorge Tadeo Lozano in Bogota, Colombia. The results indicate that there is a correlation greater than 0.9 between DC and AC power generated by the BIPV system and calculated by the model proposed for any weather condition. Keyword:Matlab software Photovoltaic systems PV performance model Radiation and temperature Solar energy Copyright © 2018 Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science.All rights reserved. Corresponding Author:Andrés Julián Aristizábal Cardona, Engineering Department, Universidad de Bogotá Jorge Tadeo Lozano, Carrera 4 #22-61, Bogotá, Colombia. Email: andresj.aristizabalc@utadeo.edu.co INTRODUCTIONBesides being a renewable and pollution free energy generation technology with no moving parts, PV modules can also be integrated into buildings as BIPV systems, adding aesthetic value [1]. When installed in an optimized way, BIPV systems can reduce heat transferred through the envelope and reduce cooling load components decreasing the CO2 emissions [2]. Apart from some facade installations, the rooftop segment represented more than 23 GWp of total installations in 2015, with projections of more than 35 GWp to be installed by 2018 [3].Since the BIPV offers the possibility to replace part of the traditional building material, with a possible price reduction in comparison to a classic rooftop installation [4], [5], the correct estimation of system level performances, system reliability and system availability is becoming more important and popular among installers, integrators, investors and owners; with this purpose several tools and models were developed [6][7][8]. The combination of different phenomena, such as the solar radiation available on site, the presence of dust, the shadowing or UV radiation over long outdoor exposure, affect in different ways the performance of BIPV systems and thus the related economic evaluations [9][10][11].Many studies have been devoted to develop different non-linear electric models used to describe the characteristics of the PV modules and the effect on module performance of temperature, radiation intensity and other parameters and equipment/systems under non-standard conditions [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20]. We offer a new method to model and analyze the performance of BIPV systems using Matlab/Simulink.In Section 2 of this article the mathematical description of the proposed model is presented to evaluate the performance of BIPV systems. Subsequently, Section 3 describes the 6 kW BIPV system installed. Section 4 presents the results obtained and the validati...
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