El bloqueo interescalénico representa el estándar analgésico para cirugía de hombro. No obstante, la incidencia de parálisis hemidiafragmática puede alcanzar 100% de los casos. Nuestra hipótesis es que infusiones con anestésicos locales más diluidos disminuirían la PHD 24 horas postbloqueo. Métodos: Serie prospectiva de pacientes sometidos a cirugía artroscópica electiva de hombro con bloqueo interescalénico continuo. Un bolo de 15 mL de lidocaína 1%-levobupivacaína 0,5% más infusión postoperatoria de levobupivacaína al 0,04% a 8 ml/h más bolos a demanda de 5 mL con intervalo de 20 minutos hasta el alta. La excursión hemidiafragmática se evaluó con ultrasonido con transductor curvo 2-5 MHz en modo M en la región infracostal antes del bloqueo, en la unidad postanestésica y a las 24 h, antes del alta. El outcome primario fue la presencia de parálisis hemidiafragmática 24 horas postbloqueo. Los resultados secundarios incluyeron dolor postoperatorio, total de bolos de rescate, requerimiento de opioides postoperatorios y efectos secundarios. Resultados: Treinta pacientes fueron reclutados y analizados. La incidencia de PHD a las 24 h fue 96,7%. La mediana [RIC] de dolor en reposo (pacientes con inmovilizador de hombro) medido en escala numérica de 0 a 10, a las 0,5; 1; 3; 6; 12; 24; 48; 72 horas fueron 0 [0-0]; 0 [0-0]; 0 [0-0]; 0 [0-0]; 0 [0-0]; 0 [0-2]; 0 [0-2.5]; 0 [0-2] respectivamente. La mediana [RIC] de consumo de bolos de rescate fue 1,5 [0-7]. No hubo pacientes con requerimientos de morfina postoperatoria. El efecto colateral más frecuente fue el síndrome de Horner. Conclusiones: El bloqueo interescalénico continuo con levobupivacaína 0,04% proporciona analgesia postoperatoria adecuada, pero no evita la PHD a las 24 h en las condiciones de esta serie.
Introduction
Spine fractures in polytrauma patients are relatively common. About one third require surgical treatment. Open surgical stabilization in these patients may increase morbidity and mortality associated with prolonged surgical time, bleeding and hypothermia. Internal fixation with minimally invasive techniques is an alternative for the treatment of vertebral fractures in polytrauma patients, diminishing local and systemic risks associated with open techniques.
Material and Methods
Polytrauma patients with unstable thoracolumbar spine fractures, treated by percutaneous pedicle fixation techniques, between June 2013 and March 2015.
Results
5 patients. Injury mechanisms involved: height fall, height fall associated with extensive skin burn of dorsal region and motor vehicle accidents. Fracture level where between T6 to L5. According to AOSpine trauma classification: 3 B2, 1 B3 and 1 A4. Surgery was performed on an average of 5 days since trauma. 2 levels were fixated in 2 patients, 3 in other 2 patients and one patient had a lumbopelvic fixation. The average of intraoperative bleeding was 70 ml and of operative time was 100 minutes. No patient had postoperative local infection or complications from surgery. No patients required revision surgery or deferred anterior column stabilization surgery. All patients had at least 6 months follow-up.
Conclusion
Percutaneous pedicle fixation is an alternative for treatment of unstable vertebral fractures in polytrauma patients with poor general or local conditions. The results in this series are encouraging in the sense of accomplishing stabilization without increasing the morbidity and mortality associated to basal conditions.
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