The 'Gibbs Diagram' represents some of the key processes controlling surface water chemistry. This review highlights that the processes listed on the Gibbs Diagram may not be applicable for assessing processes controlling groundwater chemistry. We discuss the importance of geochemical processes governing groundwater chemistry in the Gibbs Diagram framework. We show that the processes represented on the Gibbs Diagram-originally developed for surface waters-unlikely represent key processes controlling the chemistry of most groundwater systems. Highlights• We explain the background of Gibbs (1970) diagram • We show the limitations of the use of Gibbs diagram in case of groundwater systems • We discuss the main processes defining the groundwater geochemistry

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