Objetivos: El objetivo de este trabajo es hacer una revisión de los artículos publicados sobre las actitudes que tienen los universitarios de diferentes carreras respecto a la donación de órganos. Métodos: La revisión se llevó a cabo buscando artículos, protocolos y tesis que traten sobre la visión que tienen los estudiantes universitarios respecto a la donación de órganos en fuentes electrónicas como SCIELO, PUBMED, google académico y BVS. Los términos de búsqueda fueron: actitudes, estudiantes universitarios, donación de órganos y Latinoamérica. Sólo se incluyó artículos publicados desde el 2010 en adelante. Respecto a la información teórica se incluyó artículos publicados desde el 2000. Resultados: De los 37 artículos revisados, se descartaron 10 por pertenecer a países asiáticos, africanos y de Oceanía por ser realidades socioculturales con marcada diferencia a la latinoamericana (religión, cultura, etc.). Además se descartaron 5 artículos por enfocarse en factores organizacionales de la donación, así como en el resultado de programas educativos y en poblaciones diferentes. Por último, se descartaron 4 artículos por ser de una antigüedad mayor al 2000 y carecer de información de publicación. Se consideraron 8 fuentes con un enfoque teórico y 10 que mostraban investigaciones hechas en este grupo social (universitarios). Los artículos rebelaron múltiples factores de diferente importancia a la hora de influir sobre la decisión de una persona a donar órganos. Algunos de estos factores han sido la edad, el sexo, el año de estudio, la opinión de la familia, pareja y amigos, etc. Sin embargo el factor que más peso parece aportar, es el nivel de conocimiento global de la persona, eso incluye conocimiento del tema, de la necesidad, de los beneficios y de la opinión familiar, social y religiosa al respecto. Conclusión: Los factores socio-culturales que influyen en la actitud de los estudiantes universitarios son múltiples siendo la mas significativa el nivel de conocimientos respecto al tema. Esto se observa por los cambios en la actitud de los estudiantes respecto a este tema luego de recibir educación al respecto. El enfoque de este factor en campañas de promoción de la donación de órganos traería mayor respuesta y cambios en la población. Palabras clave: Actitudes; Estudiantes Universitarios; Donación de Órganos; Trasplante; Nivel de conocimiento. (fuente: DeCS BIREME) ABSTRACTObjectives: The objective of this paper is to review the published articles on the attitudes of undergraduates of different careers regarding organ donation. Methods: The review was carried out looking for articles, protocols and theses that deal with university students' vision regarding organ donation in electronic sources such as SCIELO, PUBMED, academic google and VHL. The search terms were: attitudes, university students, organ donation and Latin America. Only articles published from 2010 onwards were included. Results: Of the 37 articles reviewed, 10 were excluded because they belonged to Asian, African and Oceania countries because the...
Turbulence analysis in turbomachines is a complex task. The combination of different turbulence sources and transport mechanisms poses the question of determining adequate metrics to quantify turbulence levels and provide insight into the flow structure and its evolution. Apart from experimental measurement techniques, numerical techniques arise as a useful tool to characterize this type of flow, especially hybrid LES techniques that allow a highly accurate description of the transport of turbulent structures, while turbulence generation at solid boundaries is addressed using RANS schemes. In this chapter, recent developments concerning numerical simulation of rotor-stator and stator-rotor interactions in low-speed axial fans using LES techniques are presented. A post-processing framework is introduced to segregate the deterministic and turbulent components of the unsteady flow, allowing an accurate description of both phenomena. Hence, turbulent transport over the different stage rows of the axial fan can be accurately addressed. Following, LES capacities to simulate turbulence transport mechanisms such as breaking-up of turbulent eddies, stretching and dissipation of vorticity or identification and convection of coherent vortices are discussed. The ability of LES computations to disclose flow turbulence in rotor-stator environments at off-design conditions is specially illustrated.
Nowadays, higher ambient temperatures and water scarcity, primarily due to climate change, represent a challenge for the refrigeration systems of traditional thermodynamic power cycles. The novel Hygroscopic Cycle Technology arises as a solution to mitigate those drawbacks by means of hygroscopic compounds, which lead to a condensation process by absorption in a mixing chamber, called absorber. Consequently, heat rejection can be achieved at higher cold sink temperatures in a closed loop, avoiding water consumption. In this work, the influence of the concentration of the hygroscopic salt LiBr in the condensation process inside the absorber, key element of the cycle, has been analyzed with EES software. The analysis is divided into very low (0% to 0.01%) and low (0.01% to 5%) concentrations of LiBr-H2O solutions. Absolute pressure at the absorber ranges between 3 kPa and 21 kPa. Results show that properties of very low concentration mixtures can be approximated to those of pure water, showing errors lower than 0.11%. As concentration rises from 0.01 to 5 % specific enthalpy decreases, leading to lower consumption of the refrigeration system of the cycle.
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