Restoring lifeline services to an urban neighborhood impacted by a large disaster is critical to the recovery of the city as a whole. Since cities are comprised of many dependent lifeline systems, the pattern of the restoration of each lifeline system can have an impact on one or more others. Due to the often uncertain and complex interactions between dense lifeline systems and their individual operations at the urban scale, it is typically unclear how different patterns of restoration will impact the overall recovery of lifeline system functioning. A difficulty in addressing this problem is the siloed nature of the knowledge and operations of different types of lifelines. Here, a city-wide, multi-lifeline restoration model and simulation are provided to address this issue. The approach uses the Graph Model for Operational Resilience, a data-driven discrete event simulator that can model the spatial and functional cascade of hazard effects and the pattern of restoration over time. A novel case study model of the District of North Vancouver is constructed and simulated for a reference magnitude 7.3 earthquake. The model comprises municipal water and wastewater, power distribution, and transport systems. The model includes 1725 entities from within these sectors, connected through 6456 dependency relationships. Simulation of the model shows that water distribution and wastewater treatment systems recover more quickly and with less uncertainty than electric power and road networks. Understanding this uncertainty will provide the opportunity to improve data collection, modeling, and collaboration with stakeholders in the future.

The complexity and interconnected nature of critical infrastructure systems across metropolitan regions presents a unique challenge for communities to understand how they may respond and recover in the face of a major disruption. Disaster recovery modeling facilitates coordination and planning among stakeholders, but detailed system models are often complex and require significant technical skill to construct and interpret. The first part of this work presents the development and assessment of a simplified seismic recovery model for water, wastewater, and power systems in the Metro Vancouver region of British Columbia, Canada. The model considers important geospatial and interdependent characteristics of multi-infrastructure systems without requiring access to complete operational models.The model is expanded in the second part of this work to consider the effectiveness of disaster risk reduction measures on infrastructure service recovery to the population after the earthquake. Finally, a detailed hydraulic water system analysis is compared to the simplified modeling approach for a seismic hazard scenario to consider how results from each compare given various restoration strategies. Results from the three sections of this work demonstrate the utility of a simplified multi-infrastructure modeling approach for assessing recovery at a regional scale, the potential benefits of investing in disaster risk reduction measures to improve recovery outcomes for residents, and aspects of modeling approaches that provide an understanding of their use and benefits for disaster management purposes.

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