Background: The ability to monitor tissue oxygenation in neonates remains a challenge due to limited blood supply and the reliance on invasive procedures. Resonance Raman spectroscopy noninvasively measures tissue oxygenation (RRS-StO₂). Peripheral tissue oxygenation using this novel technology has not been described in neonates. Objectives: To examine the relationship between short-term RRS-StO₂ measurements and central venous saturation (ScvO₂) and pulse oximetry (SpO₂) in preterm and term neonates. Methods: Ninety-seven term neonates had buccal and plantar RRS-StO₂ measurements performed. In 15 preterm neonates, similar measurements were obtained in conjunction with ScvO₂ in the first week of life. Simultaneous SpO₂ and heart rate were also recorded. Results: In healthy neonates, buccal RRS-StO₂ values negatively correlated with the day of life. No correlation existed between buccal and plantar RRS-StO₂ values and ScvO₂ or SpO₂. Greater intra-patient plantar RRS-StO₂ variability was seen in preterm neonates with increasing respiratory support. Conclusions: Neonatal RRS-StO₂ measurements are feasible short term but do not correlate with ScvO₂ and SpO₂. Healthy neonates had greater differences and variability in RRS-StO₂ values, illustrating an evolving microcirculation not detected with pulse oximetry. Greater RRS-StO₂ variability in sick neonates requiring respiratory support may indicate microcirculatory instability despite being within target SpO₂ ranges. Further study is needed to establish if RRS-StO₂ monitoring is an accurate representation of tissue oxygenation.

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vitals or physical examination findings or any unexpected safety concerns. This study was limited in that it only included Asian patients, most of whom were female, limiting its application to a broader population. In addition, the short 11-week course cannot be used to assess the efficacy and safety of long-term TDB therapy.A 2020 panel of experts from The American Academy of Pain Medicine manually selected articles on the appropriate use of buprenorphine for chronic pain after a literature search did not yield any results. 3 These studies were discussed at a consensus conference that followed standards set by the National Institutes of Health Methodology. The panel recommended that buprenorphine (Schedule III) be considered over Schedule II opioids such as fentanyl and oxycodone in managing chronic pain because of its reduced barriers to access, slower onset of tolerance, and reduced risk of respiratory depression in the absence of concomitant nonopioid sedative and anticonvulsant use. The panel noted that buprenorphine could reach therapeutic levels while maintaining a relative ceiling effect for respiratory depression. In addition, the panel recommended that buprenorphine be considered over opioids such as tramadol or codeine in patients who are known rapid CYP2D6 metabolizers. The authors did not provide a level of evidence for their consensus statements.