No abstract

Using a 3-D perspective display, Stanford University has flown numerous approaches and missed approaches. The system has been flown extensively on a Beechcraft Queen Air in the working air traffic environment. Inflight evaluations included tunnel approaches overlaid on existing non-precision procedures, curved and segmented approaches, traffic patterns flown by inshxment reference, and skywriting with GPS. Augmentations to the perspective flight display, including perspective terrain and dynamic terrain alerting, are viable and improve pilots' situational awareness.

No abstract

A display that effectively utilizes 3-D differential GPS (DGPS) positioning was tested in piloted simulation and on a general aviation aircraft. This glass-cockpit instrument provides a natural, "out the window" view of the world, making the horizon, runway, and desired flight path visible to the pilot in instrument flight conditions. The flight path is depicted as a series of symbols through which the pilot flies the airplane. Altitude, heading, and airspeed are presented, along with lateral and vertical glidepath deviations. The budget, power, and form-factor constraints of light aircraft were addressed.Simulator tests and flight trials on a Piper Dakota aircraft were used to evaluate flight technical error on straight-in approaches flown with the tunnel display and with a typical Instrument Landing System (ILS) needle display. Additionally, the tunnel display provided lateral and vertical guidance on curved missed-approach procedures, for which ILS cannot provide positive course guidance.