T he vast majority of ingested ethanol is oxidized to acetaldehyde by the hepatocytes of the liver. 1,2 It is thought that the metabolism of ethanol by hepatocytes is the reason that the liver is a target for the detrimental effects of chronic alcohol abuse. 3 Ethanol oxidation by hepatocytes results in many metabolic changes, some of which have been shown to be detrimental to cells. It has been proposed that chronic ethanol abuse promotes continual hepatocyte destruction that, in turn, stimulates abnormal hepatocyte regeneration and fibrotic scarring, which over many years results in alcoholic liver disease. Thus, alcoholic liver disease results from an eventual inability of hepatocytes to appropriately respond and regenerate in response to the toxic effects of the metabolic changes that occur during ethanol oxidation. 4 Liver regeneration is the mechanism by which cells that have been lost as a result of hepatotoxicity are replaced. It is well documented that ethanol metabolism impairs the regenerative capacity of the liver. 3,5 Therefore, it appears that ethanol oxidation not only results in hepatotoxicity, but also impairs the ability of the liver to respond to this toxic assault. The mechanism(s) by which chronic ethanol metabolism affects replication is not well understood. This is partially because the biochemical events that take place during ethanol oxidation occur simultaneously, making it difficult to attribute specific impairments to specific biochemical events.In an attempt to dissect these biochemical events, we have developed a cell-culture system with cells of hepatic origin that stably expresses alcohol dehydrogenase and efficiently metabolizes ethanol. Using these cells, we in-

Several years of lackluster sales in the retailing industry have pushed expansion into new channels in an effort to exploit any potential opportunity. As more and more consumers embrace the World Wide Web it seems a natural expectation and assumption that this channel may be the salvation of the brick and mortar store. This study focused on college-age consumers' responses to purchasing on the Internet. Young adults were specifically targeted because of their generation's tech-savvy embracing of anything wired. Over 780 university students were surveyed and answered a 108-item self-administered questionnaire. The study specifically addressed the issues of how often and why Internet purchases were made. As expected over 95% of the college-age market uses the Internet and over 91% of that group completes online purchases. Close to a quarter of the buyers are spending over $500 per Downloaded by [Flinders University of South Australia] at 21:45 02 January 2015year on Internet merchandise and they are making those purchases with their own credit cards. They are purchasing banking service, concert tickets, apparel and entertainment products. These young adults are also buying cars, mortgages and appliances over the Internet, but in smaller numbers.Findings indicate that not all products are created equal when offered for sale on the Web. Motivating factors vary by product and generation. The results of this research have significant implications for future Internet marketing. [Article copies available for a fee from The Haworth Document Delivery Service: 1-800-HAWORTH. E-mail address: Website:

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Office employees from three job groups-including 88 secretaries, 44 bookkeepers and accountants, and 22 office managers and administrators-completed a questionnaire and had their workspaces measured for the number of partitions, the amount of floorspace, the number of people in the room, and other features. The best single predictor of rated privacy of workspaces for all job groups was the number of partitions around the workspace. Occupants of private offices rated their workspaces most private, but office managers and administrators gave higher ratings than bookkeepers and accountants, who gave higher ratings than secretaries. Results suggested that the three job groups perceived privacy differently, depending on the demands of their work and their control over contact with others. Findings are explained in terms of a three-leveled hterarchy of privacy needs.

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