We propose the use of pseudo-singular values, which are
closely related to singular values but
are allowed to have sign, as a convenient approach for developing
techniques for the identification
and control of large-scale processes. Steady-state controllability
can be assessed directly in terms
of the pseudo-singular values. It is shown that to control an
output disturbance direction with
zero steady-state error it is necessary to correctly identify the sign
of the corresponding pseudo-singular value. At the identification stage, this motivates the
estimation of confidence intervals
for the pseudo-singular values from input−output data. A
controller with integral action should
not attempt to manipulate in process input directions corresponding to
output disturbance
directions that cannot be controlled with confidence. These
principles motivate a controller
structure appropriate for providing the robust control of poorly
conditioned large-scale processes.
Any controller design technique can be applied to produce a
controller with the proposed controller
structure. The controllability results and the integrated
identification/controller design procedure
are illustrated using an industrial paper machine example.
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