Pursuing the goal of methodological definition of the structure of legal relations (both regulatory and protective) arising from the use of digital resources and the circulation of digital assets; guided by the methods of logical and legal analysis (with elements of comparative studies), a set of applied methods of general systems theory; using the potential of the historical legal heritage and based on the analysis of various points of view (published in the last two years) on the designated topic by representatives of the domestic legal doctrine; the author of this article solved the following tasks: outlined ways to solve the problem of the legal regulator of digital legal relationship; determined the subject composition of the digital legal relationship; established the object and subject of legal regulation in the digital relationship; characterized the legal and actual content of the digital legal relationship; identified and typified the legal facts of the digital legal relationship; revealed the methods of legal regulation of digital legal relations; classified digital legal relations; within the framework of participation in the discussion on the subjectivity/tortiousness of non-subjective legal phenomena, he outlined the possibility, grounds and limits of responsibility of “non-subjective carriers of artificial intelligence”. On the basis of which he analyzed the complex of legal acts adopted recently in the Russian Federation and in some other states.

In the period of global social transformations, it is important to see their perspective, the outcome to which these changes lead. To look into this issue, it is better to turn to history, building a definite retrospective in this way of those social processes that happened to society at the given moment, which will help to understand the general meaning of the development of education in society. To this end, using the methodology of the evolution of higher education, we turn to the period of the history of Russia from 1917 to 1927 - the period of the Revolution, the Civil War, the concomitant period of War Communism, and the subsequent period of the New Economic Policy (NEP). It is this period that can be characterized as the period of social anomie in Russian society, when the old system of education was demolished, and a new, Soviet, system ​​was created to replace it. As a result of such a historical retrospective, it was shown that the utopian aspirations of the Soviet leaders led to destructive consequences, but society, in spite of these social cataclysms, still demonstrated the ability to live in harmony and return to a universal and educational system.

Введение: статья посвящена исследованию вопроса о глубине и основных тенденциях влияния права Восточной Римской империи (византийского права) на становление и развитие русского уголовного права. Целью статьи является обоснование опровержения точки зрения ряда теоретиков о юридической «отсталости» и запрограммированной имплементационной обреченности отечественного публичного и уголовного права. Материалы и методы: в качестве материалов для научного исследования автором избраны юридические памятники Восточной Римской империи: Дигесты Юстиниана, Эклога, Номоканоны, Прохирон и др.; а также юридические памятники Древней Руси: договоры с Византией князей Олега и Игоря, Уставы князей Владимира Святославовича и Ярослава Владимировича, Русская Правда, Псковская судная грамота, Новгородская судная грамота, различные редакции Кормчих книг и Мерила Праведного и др. Использованы метод исторического анализа, сформулированный еще в античности Фукидидом, и метод исторической реконструкции сравнительного правоведения. Результаты исследования: отечественное уголовное право с момента своего формирования основывалось на традициях классического римского права в его наиболее развитой византийской форме. Рецепция римского права в русское уголовное право осуществлялась по двум направлениям: каноническое право и светское право. И если вектор византийского влияния на развитие светского уголовного права со временем угас, то каноническое право продолжает его испытывать и в настоящее время. Обсуждение и заключение: понимание истинных исторических корней становления отечественного права формирует фундамент его развития в настоящий момент и освобождает реформу российского уголовного права от искусственно навязанной зависимости от тенденций развития европейского публичного права. Introduction: the author studies profundity and the major trends of impact of the right of the Eastern Roman Empire (Byzantine law) on the development of the Russian criminal law. The goal of the study is substantiation of the rebuttals to a point of view of some scholars on legal “underdevelopment” and of the programmed implementation doom of domestic public and criminal law. Materials and Methods: legal monuments of the Eastern Roman Empire – Digests of Justinian, Ekloga, Nomocanons, Prochiron etc. – were the basis for the study, as well as legal monuments of Ancient Russia: Treaties with Byzantium of Princes Oleg and Igor, Charters of Princes Vladimir Svyatoslavovich and Yaroslav Vladimirovich, Russkaya Pravda (Russian Truth), Pskov Judicial Charter, Novgorod Judicial Charter, various editions of Kormlichy Books (Pidalion) and Merila the Righteous, etc. The author used the method of historical analysis made by Fucidid in antiquity and the method of historical reconstruction of the comparative jurisprudence. Results: the domestic criminal legislation from its establishment based on the traditions of the classical Roman law in its most developed Byzantium form. And while the vector of Byzantine influence on the development of secular criminal law has faded over time, canon law continues to experience it today. Discussion and Conclusions: understanding of the true historical roots of the establishment of the domestic law forms the foundation for its development nowadays and frees the reform of Russian criminal law from artificially imposed dependence on trends in the development of European public law.

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The article deals with topical issues of legal regulation and law enforcement practice of action in rem confiscation. The purpose of this article is to study the individual elements of confiscation in rem related to the objects subject to confiscation and the circle of persons in relation to whom it is applied in order to justify the effectiveness of its use in the fight against corruption. The subject of the study is the norms of foreign and national law that regulate the civil law mechanism for the confiscation of income, the source of which is not confirmed by persons who are obliged to declare their income, expenses, property and property obligations. The methodological basis of the study was the provisions of dialectical materialism, as well as general scientific and particular scientific methods, such as analysis, synthesis, generalization, logical-theoretical, systemic-structural, formal-legal, comparative-legal and some other methods. It is concluded that the use of action in rem confiscation in the Russian Federation is “truncated”, since it applies only to a certain list of unconfirmed income and is applied to a limited number of people. The paper assesses the positive dynamics in expanding the list of objects of confiscation action in rem by including funds, the legality of which has not been established. A contradiction has been revealed between the legislative consolidation of the list of persons in respect of whom such confiscation is applied and judicial practice, including the possibility of seizing unconfirmed income from other persons. It is concluded that it is necessary to expand the use of the institution action in rem as one of the effective ways to combat corruption, which does not violate the constitutional rights and interests of the persons in respect of which it is applied and does not contradict the procedural law