The relevance of the research problem is justified by the fact that contemporary political experts consider the political process of democratic ruling elite forming as in Russia so in other countries only in general aspects and there is no unified understanding of this process. The aim of this article is to summarize the scientific knowledge on the problem under consideration and to propose criteria for political elite selection in democratic States. A leading approach to this problem study is a positional approach. From the point of view of the positional approach the political elite is defined as the range of persons who has attained powerful positions and who has the right of direct participation in the process of government decision-making through open competition for votes and political elections' win in representative bodies of power. The article can be useful for political scientists and sociologists studying the problems of political elites' formation and functioning.

No abstract

The article studies legal significance of the category «legal reality». There is the author's definition of the category. The basic elements of the given category are considered. The conclusion is made that legal reality as a fundamental jural category is a complex multilevel system that includes the entirety of real legal phenomena and legal ideal. The system determines the sphere of legal being both individual and social.

Аннотация. В статье изучены тенденции развития правопонимания в условиях цифровизации. На основе постклассической методологии в статье исследованы основные структурные элементы правопонимания как философско-правовой категории: субъект правопонимания, объект правопонимания, содержание правопонимания. Сделан вывод, что в условиях цифровизации эти элементы существенно трансформировались как по смыслу, так и по роли в юридических исследованиях. Однако трансформация правопонимания обусловлена не только цифровизацией, но и изменением мировоззренческих парадигм отечественной юридической науки в постсоветский период. Усиление конвенциональности права и правоведения приводит к смещению юридических исследований с реконструкции правовой реальности к ее деконструкции. Правопонимание не только сохраняет, но и расширяет свое значение в качестве методологического основания юридических исследований теоретической и отраслевой направленности. Ключевые слова: правопонимание, сущность права, теория права, философия права, методология исследования права, цифровизация.

Article is devoted to research of law environment as one of components of law reality. On the basis of post-classical method- ology the conclusion is drawn that the law environment, representing the complete complex of the law phenomena, actions and events, interrelations and relations caused by objective regularities of humanity development, conscious and constantly designed (recreated) by individuals, local communities and society in general which can be used for achievement of definite purposes, satisfaction of re- quirements and interests or realization of claims, characterizes the extent of aspirations, creative energy and real law actions of the subject (the individual, local community, society in general, the state) in a certain existential continuum and defines borders of life of the individual in law reality.