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The aim of the study was to analyze the regularities of the influence of the diameter of the suction holes and the vacuum depth in the vacuum chamber of the precision seeding apparatus on the probability of the formation of group seed feeds. The study was of an experimental nature and was conducted with a specialized stand in laboratory conditions. The results showed that an increase in the diameter of the suction holes (at a constant value of the suction force) led to an increase in the frequency of formation of group seed feeds. Moreover, when the values of this factor varied from 4 to 5 mm (when sowing maize), practically no changes in the seed supply were observed. At the same time, a decrease in the diameter of the holes of the seeding disc to values less than 4 mm led to a sharp decrease in the likelihood of the formation of double feeds, and at d > 5 mm, the frequency of group feeds increased rapidly. This can be explained by two possible reasons: the error of the experiment, which led to a distortion of the result, or the regularity associated with the fact that in this interval (4...5 mm) the change in the parameter d is compensated by the variability of the main sizes of the sown seeds. In the first case, the dependence of the formation of the frequency of group feeds on the diameter of the suction holes is linear; in the second, it is cubic. The analysis of the obtained dependences shows that with a diameter of the suction holes of 1,0...2,9 mm, it is possible to ensure the operation of the vacuum seeding apparatus with a sufficiently high quality (practically without the formation of zero and group seed feeds) by excluding the reflector from the apparatus design. However, in this case, it is necessary to verify the reliability of each of the obtained dependences, since in the first case the required vacuum in the vacuum chamber is about 113 kPa, and in the second “only” 13.5 kPa.

The purpose of the presented study is a quantitative assessment of the influence of the rows of tillage implements, using the example of steam cultivators, on their technological, operational and economic characteristics. An analysis of the data from the test reports of these implements showed that the most common three-row cultivators provided slightly worse performance than two- and four-row ones. At the same time, it was found that there is a direct relationship between the row and working width of cultivators. Two-row and four-row cultivators provided approximately equal quality of work in terms of such indicators as deviation from the specified cultivation depth (1.1-1.2 cm); degree of crumbling (91.7-92.2 %) and ridges (2.3 cm) of the field surface. The shift time utilization coefficient for two- and three-row implements (0.73-0.74) is noticeably lower than that for four-row implements (0.82), which can be indirectly explained by the fact that such implements are indeed less clogged with vegetation. remains and soil in comparison with analogues, however, it is not clear why such an effect is not observed when comparing two- and three-row tools. The specific fuel consumption of MTA with cultivators of different rows is approximately the same - 4.0 ... 4.1 kg / ha, i.e. from the energy point of view, the advantages of the multi-row tool layout are not obvious, which does not fully correspond to the earlier hypothesis about the lower clogging of multi-row tools. The material consumption of two-row guns (and hypothetically, the cost) is almost 1.1 times less than that of three-row ones, and almost 1.3 times less than four-row ones. At the same time, the increase in material consumption significantly exceeds the increase in the increase in the coefficient of use of the shift time. In general, the study conducted (on the example of steam cultivators) did not allow us to identify obvious advantages in terms of agrotechnical and energy indicators of the tendency to increase the rows of tillage implements, with the obvious disadvantage of this approach from a technical and economic point of view.

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