According to the current follow-up, EFS with MAP plus MC is not statistically superior to EFS with MAP alone in patients with high-grade, resectable OSTs of the extremities. Cancer 2017;123:1003-10. © 2016 American Cancer Society.

Non-melanoma skin cancer is very rare in children and AYA. We have shown variation in time-trends in incidence as well as in incidence patterns by race, sex, age, and histologic type, highlighting the importance of descriptive epidemiology to better understand the characteristics of these malignancies.

Background Childhood cancer is relatively rare and tends to present specific age distribution, as a prognostic factor for some of these diseases. Information on how young age affects prognosis, response to chemotherapy, and local control options in children versus AYA with osteosarcoma (OST) is minimal. Methods In order to identify the main differences in clinicalpathologic features, surgical approaches and survival rates of primary high grade OST of the extremity between children (n = 156; <12 years old) and AYA (n = 397; 12–30 years old), the institutional database with 553 patients treated by BOTG studies over 15 years were reviewed. Results There were no differences in metastasess at diagnosis, tumor size, and grade of necrosis between the two age groups. The rate of amputation was 30% higher in the children group (P = 0.018). The rate of limb salvage surgery using reconstruction with allograft or autograft was 70% higher in the children group (P = 0.018) while endoprosthesis rate was 40% higher in the AYA group (P = 0.018). The log rank test revealed that survival is similar between the two age groups for non‐metastatic patients (P = 0.424 for OS and P = 0.393 for EFS). Metastatic patients of both ages group had higher risk of dying compared to non‐metastatic (HR 3.283 95% CI 2.581–4.177; P < 0.001). Children with metastases at diagnosis had less OS time (P = 0.049) and EFS time (P = 0.032) than adolescents. Conclusion Non‐metastatic OST in preadolescent patients does not appear to be significantly differentfrom those seen in AYA patients, but has local control challenges. Children presenting with metastases should be considered an ultra‐high‐risk group. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2015;62:1209–1213. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.