ABSTRACT. Ecology of two species of Pachyurus (Perciformes, Sciaenidae) from the Tocantins River, in the region impounded by the Serra da Mesa hydroelectric dam, Goiás. Pachyurus schomburgkii Günther, 1860 and P. paucirastrus Aguilera, 1983 occur in the Tocantins-Araguaia basin, where the latter is endemic. The species were found in the upper Tocantins, in the region where it was impounded by the Serra da Mesa hydroelectric dam. Fourteen sites were sampled but both species were restricted to two sites (FU and PG) located downstream from the dam. Fishes were bimonthly captured from December 1995 to December 2002 with standardized gillnets. We present data on the distribution, diet, physiological condition and the reproductive status of these species, and focus on the alterations related to the impoundment. Most specimens were adult, and the number of reproductive individuals decreased after damming. Species were classified as benthic invertivores, feeding mainly on immature insects. Niche breadth was significantly higher to P. paucirastrus, and, for both species, during the pre-impoundment phase. Interspecific diet overlap was high; however, resource partitioning was more pronounced in the site immediately downstream from the dam (FU) than partitioning in the more distant site (PG). Values relative to the condition factor indicated that P. schomburgkii must have profited more effectively from the available resources after the environmental changes than P. paucirastrus. Thus, factors related to feeding might have contributed to the disappearance of this species after the beginning of power plant operation. Pachyurus schomburgkii seems to have had a better adjustment to changes, and was more persistent in the area after the damming; however, it remained restricted to the more distant site, where it had been occasionally captured until it was no longer found, approximately four years after dam closure. Considering that many impoundments are planned to the rio Tocantins, we recommend further studies about P. paucirastrus in other stretches of the basin, in order to evaluate the conservation status of this species.KEY WORDS. Pachyurus, biology, diet, impoundment, Tocantins River. RESUMO.Pachyurus schomburgkii Günther, 1860 e P. paucirastrus Aguilera, 1983 ocorrem na bacia Tocantins-Araguaia, sendo a segunda endêmica da bacia. Ambas foram encontradas na região do alto Tocantins, onde este foi represado pela usina hidrelétrica Serra da Mesa, tendo sido capturadas somente em dois de 14 pontos amostrados, sendo ambos (FU e PG) a jusante da barragem. Os peixes foram amostrados bimestralmente com redes de espera padronizadas entre dezembro de 1995 e dezembro de 2002. São apresentados dados de distribuição, dieta, condição fisiológica e estado reprodutivo das duas espécies, focando possíveis modificações em decorrência da instalação da barragem. A maioria dos indivíduos capturados eram adultos e o número de reprodutivos diminuiu após o represamento. As duas espécies foram classificadas como invertívoras bentônicas, alimentan...
Abstract:The diet and feeding activity of Rhaphiodon vulpinus were studied before and after the impoundment of the upper Tocantins river by the Serra da Mesa hydroelectric plant (Goiás State, central Brazil), in two areas: reservoir and downstream. Stomach contents of 214 specimens were analyzed: 46 from the river phase (Dec./95 to Oct./96), 100 from the filling phase (Dec./96 to Apr./98) and 68 from the operation phase (Jun./98 to Feb./00). The species was confirmed as a piscivore, with occasional consumption of insects and vegetal material. In the downstream area, none of the identified prey was common to all the three phases. The most consumed prey were Geophagus cf. surinamensis, Hemiodus ternetzi and Pimelodus blochii during the river, filling and operation phases, respectively. The engraulid Anchoviella sp. was exclusive to the operation phase. Prey richness was higher in the reservoir. Small-sized characids were consumed during the three phases, whereas H. ternetzi, Leporinus friderici and Tetragonopterus argenteus were exclusive to the river phase, Ctenobrycon hauxwellianus and Pimelodidae to the filling phase, and Satanoperca aff. jurupari to the operation phase, the latter being the most important in this phase. The feeding activity, given by the proportion of stomachs with food (EcA%) and empty (EV%), increased in each phase in the downstream area. In the reservoir, the opposite pattern was observed. No correlation was found between the sizes of predator and its prey; however, larger predators consumed prey of a wide size range. Keywords: piscivory, Cynodontidae, reservoir, feeding, Tocantins-Araguaia Basin. PACHECO, A.C.G., BARTOLETTE, R., CALUCA, J.F., CASTRO, A.L.M., ALBRECHT, M.P. & CARAMASCHI, E.P. Dinâmica alimentar de Rhaphiodon vulpinus Agassiz, 1829 (Teleostei, Cynodontidae) no alto Rio Tocantins (GO) em relação ao represamento pela UHE Serra da Mesa. Biota Neotrop. 9(3): http://www.biotaneotropica.org.br/v9n3/pt/abstract?article+bn01009032009. Resumo:A dieta e atividade alimentar de Rhaphiodon vulpinus foram estudadas antes e após o represamento do alto Rio Tocantins pela UHE Serra da Mesa, GO, em duas grandes áreas: reservatório e jusante. O conteúdo estomacal de 214 exemplares foi analisado, sendo 46 da fase rio (dez./95 a out./96), 100 da fase enchimento (dez./96 a abr./98) e 68 da fase operação (jun./98 a fev./00). A espécie confirmou-se como piscívora, com consumo eventual de insetos e material vegetal. Na área a jusante, dentre os peixes-presa identificados, nenhum foi comum às três fases. As presas mais importantes foram Geophagus cf. surinamensis, Hemiodus ternetzi e Pimelodus blochii nas fases rio, enchimento e operação, respectivamente. Anchoviella sp. foi exclusiva da fase operação. Já no reservatório, a riqueza de presas foi maior. Caracídeos de pequeno porte foram consumidos nas três fases, ao passo que H. ternetzi, Leporinus friderici e Tetragonopterus argenteus foram exclusivas da fase rio, Ctenobrycon hauxwellianus e Pimelodidae, da fase enchimento, e Satanoperca aff. jurupar...
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