In this work, nine different biodiesels were obtained by transesterification reaction with three types of vegetable oils and three variant alcohols. The objective was to analyze them physicochemically before and after they went to the engine, to know if they had the necessary properties to act as lubricants. Subsequently, the same biodiesels were analyzed in the engine in order to observe the behavior of their dynamic viscosities, to evaluate if they were similar or superior to commercial lubricants. It was possible to note that all biodiesel produced are within the National Agency for Petroleum, Natural Gas and Biofuels (ANP) legislation and presented as potential lubricants, due to the kinematic viscosity behavior when compared before and after the engine. These results made them possible replacements for commercial lubricants, besides having greater advantages for the engine and the environment. However, although coconut oil-derived biodiesel has good yields, it is not promising because, at temperatures below 25 °C tends to solidify, causing short, medium- and long-term engine parts wear.
Lactic acid is an attractive raw material in synthesizing many products. A new method for quantifying glycerol, lactic acid, and the by-products (pyruvaldehyde) obtained in this reaction was developed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with a refractive index detector (HPLC-RI) in a column (300 � 7.7 mm, 8 �m) using H2SO4 0.001 M + 10% ACN (organic modifier) as mobile phase (0.6 mL min�1). This method indicated outstanding linearity for glycerol and lactic acid concentration from 0.6 to 6.6 g L�1 (coefficient of determination (R�) = 0.9912 and 0.9961, respectively) and accuracy between 98.33 and 100.00%. From this, it was possible to conclude that the method is applicable and concise for separating the primordial products in this reaction.
O ácido lático é um dos materiais de alto valor agregado que pode ser obtido por meio do glicerol, tendo as mais variadas aplicações em diferentes indústrias, com atual destaque por sua importante aplicação na obtenção de poliácido lático (PLA). O objetivo deste trabalho foi a produção de ácido lático a partir de glicerol em meio alcalino utilizando dois diferentes catalisadores de cobre suportados em sílica (SiO2) com 5% de cobre sobre a massa da solução de glicerol, utilizando um sistema de reação em batelada simples. Para todos os catalisadores, os testes catalíticos foram realizados com uma razão mássica de NaOH/glicerol de 1:1 e uma concentração de NaOH igual a 0,6M. Com o catalisador 9%Cu/SiO2-D2, os testes catalíticos foram realizados em tempo de 6h, utilizando temperaturas de 220ºC, 250ºC, 280ºC e 300ºC, com concentrações de glicerol de 0,6M e 3,3 M. Os resultados de conversão de glicerol (58,9%) e seletividade ao ácido lático (69,4%) foram satisfatórios em temperaturas mais altas (280ºC e 300ºC). Os testes com o catalisador 9%Cu/SiO2-F1 foram realizados utilizando a concentração de glicerol igual a 0,6 M, tempo de reação de 6 horas e temperaturas de 250ºC, 280ºC e 300ºC. Os resultados indicaram uma boa conversão de glicerol (54,0%) e seletividade ao ácido lático (59,8%) em temperaturas mais elevadas (300ºC). Assim, concluiu-se que os catalisadores foram favoráveis nestas reações. A temperatura de reação combinada com o tempo de reação mostraram-se parâmetros essenciais na avaliação da conversão e seletividade ao ácido lático.
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