The box bearing unit of the freight car is a complex mechanical system, which is influenced by various factors. Under normal operation, the parameters characterizing the functional state of the components of the axle box should be within the prescribed limits throughout the standard service life. Mathematically, this corresponds to the placement of the axle box elements in the space of admissible states. The railroad model consists of a set of submodules: track and elastic ballast layer. The model allows simulate the microgeometry of the track, the characteristics of the inequalities, and the elasticity of the base under the track. Subsequently, the main parameters characterizing random processes were determined: the magnitude of the mathematical expectation, the variance, as well as the minimum and maximum values of the effort. The results indicate that random processes are distributed according to normal law. According to the results of the research, for each of the random loading processes of the axle boxes, appropriate correlation functions were constructed and the space of “admissible states” for different operating modes was con-structed.
The object of research is the brake lever transmission of the 18-100 freight car carriage. The investigated problem: the destruction of the elements of the triangle, which leads to the occurrence of failures during the car operation. As a result of such refusals, total losses for the railway infrastructure of Ukraine during freight transportation amount to hundreds of thousands of hryvnias. The main scientific results: the strength of the brake lever transmission of the freight car carriage is investigated and the most loaded components of its structure are identified. It is proposed to improve the triangle string by making it from a round pipe filled with energy-absorbing material. Aluminum foam is used as an energy-absorbing material. To justify the proposed solution, a calculation of the strength of the brake lever transmission is performed using the finite element method. The calculation results show that the maximum equivalent stresses that occur in the string do not exceed the allowable ones. The peculiarity of the obtained results is that the proposed improvement of triangle elements can be applied not only at the stage of designing the mechanical brake system, that is, during the manufacture of car assemblies at car-building plants. It is advisable to apply the proposed solutions when carrying out depot or capital type repairs at car repair enterprises. The field of practical use of the results is car-building and car-repair enterprises of railway transport of Ukraine. Innovative technological product: the improvement of triangle elements will increase the efficiency of the braking systems of freight rolling stock, increase the speed of cars, reduce the time for the delivery of goods, reduce operating costs due to the failure of freight car units in operating conditions, and guarantee the level of safety of traffic on the railway. Also, the conducted research will contribute to the creation of developments in improving the reliability of the braking systems of modern rolling stock. The scope of application of the innovative technological product: the fleet of freight cars of JSC "Ukrzaliznytsia", as well as its own industrial transport cars
Анотація. У роботі розглянуто основні чинники, які впливають на стан безпеки руху у пасажирському господарстві АТ «Укрзалізниця». Проведено аналіз розподілу парку пасажирських вагонів за віком та, враховуючи коливання пасажирообігу, визначено середньорічну потребу у придбанні нових вагонів. Доведено, що стан спрацювання пасажирських вагонів досяг критичної позначки. У зв'язку з обмеженням фінансування в «Укрзалізниці» на придбання нового рухомого складу в потрібній кількості та вилученням вагонів, термін служби яких вичерпано, кількість вагонного парку неухильно зменшується. Це може призвести до проблем із забезпеченням наявним рухомим складом пасажирських перевезень. У результаті дослідження отримано залежності зміни кількості транспортних подій, віднесених на пасажирське господарство. Доведено, що питома кількість транспортних подій, що припадає на 100 тис. перевезених пасажирів, незважаючи на коливання кількості рухомого складу та пасажирообігу, останніми роками має тенденцію до збільшення. Отримано залежності зміни параметра потоку відмов пасажирських вагонів у розрахунку на 1 млн пас. км. Проведено аналіз причин, які викликають транспортні події, та досліджено динаміку їх зміни. Визначено, що переважна більшість відмов пасажирських вагонів спричинена відмовами роликових букс та автоматичних гальм. Ще однією важливою причиною є саморозчеплення автозчепів. Особливу увагу приділено відмовам колісних пар. Досліджено основні причини, що викликають позапланові заміни колісних пар. Визначено напрямки основних заходів щодо підвищення безпеки руху у пасажирському господарстві АТ «Укрзалізниця».
The prerequisites, basic hypotheses and sequence of creation of a mathematical model for estimation of service life of railway rails in conditions of two-layer lubrication are given in the article. The created mathematical model is presented in the final form. The model takes into account the geometry of the wheel-rail contact, the initial and constant surface roughness, actual loads on the rail, speed of the rolling stock, strength characteristics of steels and the antifriction additive, as well as the basic parameters of two-layer lubrication. The main parameters of lubrication include the concentration of solid antifriction additives in oil which is sufficient to fill irregularities of the contact surface; the boundary molecular oil film thickness. The results of calculations using the developed mathematical model are presented. The performed calculations reveal the positive effect of the parameters of a two-layer lubricant on the resource of rails. The anti-wear effect of the lubricant increases as the concentration of graphite in the oil increases and the weight of the carriage decreases. Based on the performed calculations, conclusions and recommendations were obtained regarding further experimental verification of the mathematical model, as well as the influence of the parameters of two-layer spray lubrication on wear and service life of transport rails.
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