Nanofibrous materials present unique properties favorable in many biomedicine and industrial applications. In this research we evaluated biodegradation, tissue response and general toxicity of nanofibrous poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffolds produced by conventional method of electrospinning and using NanoMatrix3D (NM3D ) technology. Mass density, scanning electron microscopy and in vitro degradation (static and dynamic) were used for material characterization, and subcutaneous, intramuscular and intraperitoneal implantation - for in vivo tests. Biochemical blood analysis and histology were used to assess toxicity and tissue response. Pore size and fiber diameter did not differ in conventional and NM3D PLA and PCL materials, but mass density was significantly lower in NM3D ones. Scaffolds made by conventional method showed toxic effect during the in-vivo tests due to residual concentration of chloroform that released with material degradation. NM3D method allowed cleaning scaffolds from residual solutions that made them nontoxic and biocompatible. Subcutaneous, intramuscular and intraperitoneal implantation of PCL and PLA NM3D electrospun nanofibrous scaffolds showed their appropriate cell conductive properties, tissue and vessels formation in all sites. Thus, NM3D PCL and PLA nanofibrous electrospun scaffolds can be used in the field of tissue engineering, surgery, wound healing, drug delivery, and so forth, due to their unique properties, nontoxicity and biocompatibility. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 106A: 2200-2212, 2018.

Tissue engineering has become a promising strategy for repairing damaged organs and tissues. Favorable government regulatory framework, continuous technology advancements and increasing research funding drive the market for alternative regenerative medicine therapies. Current mini-review coverskey components needed for tissue engineering -cells, scaffold and growth factors as well as method for tissue engineering graft manufacturing. Selected applications -for bone, skin and peripheral nerve regeneration are highlight in the paper.

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Biodegradable materials are promising for the development of tissue engineering constructions. At the same time, they must have a satisfactory weight loss profile, no toxicity and the ability to support cell proliferation. Polylactides and their derivatives are intensively used to reconstruct tissues and organs and in drug delivery systems, but the technology of manufacturing materials is not standardized. Electrospinning is an affordable technology that can be used to create three-dimensional nanofiber structures for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, but their use is currently limited due to insufficient study. The aim. Creation of three-dimensional structures from polylactic acid, evaluation of their biodegradation profile, and cellular toxicity in the model of dermal fibroblasts. Material and methods. Nanofiber membranes were obtained by standard electrospinning and using NanoMatrix3D technology. The degradation study was performed in SBF solution in static and dynamic modes to determine the percentage of weight loss. Cytotoxicity studies were performed on primary dermal fibroblast culture with assessment of resazurin reduction and DAPI imaging. Conclusions. The use of electrospinning technology allows us to create nanofiber membranes that are capable of biodegradation and have a satisfactory toxicity profile. The dynamic system of degradation leads to an increase in a mass loss by membranes due to the removal of degradation products. The data indicate the possibility of using PLA-based materials for the development of structures for tissue engineering.