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The article deals with an actual task of developing engineering methods for predicting the durability of modern long-life machines should be based on the methodology for determining the degree of fatigue damage to materials and structural elements. In the development of such a methodology, the work proposes to use modern optical and computer tools that allow analyzing the parameters of the deformed surface of metal structure samples and, on this basis, to estimate the residual resource of the metal structure. The purpose of the article was to substantiate a methodical approach for determining the limit state of damage using photometric analysis of the topography of the micro-deformed surface of cyclically loaded metal structure samples. To analyze the fatigue damage characteristics of metals and alloys, an experimental information system was developed based on the method of coherent optical scanning of the deformed surface of metal structure samples with a resolution of 0.2 μm/px. The obtained specklograms of the photodiode matrix, corresponding to the two-dimensional image of the micro-deformed surface of the sample in shades of gray 0-255, were computer analyzed. This made it possible to construct diagrams of the kinetics of the process of accumulation of the amplitude of the deformation microrelief of the surface of the laboratory samples for the studied steels St 45 and St 20. It is shown that the kinetics of speckle brightness obtained in the work by the correlation method, which corresponds to the evolution of the accumulation of fatigue damage on the surface of the studied structural steel samples, is characterized by a nonlinear function, which is consistent with the results of deformation microrelief studies obtained by other methods. The proposed methodology for analyzing the discrete distribution of specklogram brightness can be used to predict the onset of the limit state of a metal structure before failure due to fatigue

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At this paper was established result of the correlations characteristics of structural parameters of low-carbon steels during periodic loading under elastic deformations. According to the results of the research, the kinetic characteristics of the influence of the load parameter on the distribution of deformation defects of the surface layer of structural materials under elastic deformations are obtained. The regularities of the influence of elastic deformations on the distribution of discrete surface properties are revealed. Linear dependences of the parameter of distribution of discrete relief properties of the deformed surface on loading are revealed. The regularities of the influence of elastic deformations on the distribution of discrete surface properties are revealed. It is established that regardless of the type of load, the surface density of deformation defects of scattered fracture accumulates in the mother to a certain state of damage, which is characterized by the current state of density of elements of deformation defects.