The study examines the influence of a diversified diet, changes in the consistency of introduced foods, and the method of meal preparation during infancy on the development of sensitization and/or allergy in toddlers. Introducing more product groups into the diet reduced the risk of allergy at 6 months of age (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 0.17; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.04-0.71; P = 0.015) and at 12 months (aOR = 0.14; 95% CI 0.03-0.57; P = 0.006). Children with allergy and/or sensitization had been introduced to fewer product groups at 6 months ( P = 0.003; P < 0.001; P = 0.008) and at 12 months ( P = 0.001, P < 0.001; P = 0.001) compared with those without allergy and/or sensitization. Children with allergy and/or sensitization were fed ready-made, ie, purchased, products significantly more often than self-prepared foods compared with children without allergy and/or sensitization ( P = 0.001; P = 0.006). Allergic and/or sensitized children tended to be switched to solids later (11 vs 10 months, P = 0.041; P = 0.037) (12 vs 10 months, P = 0.013) than children without sensitization and/or allergy. The earlier introduction of a varied diet reduced the risk of allergy and/or sensitization. Delaying the introduction of solid foods and using ready-made products instead of self-prepared ones increases the risk of allergy in toddlers.

S u m m a r yObesity is a problem which is more and more common in Polish population. The reason for that is excessive energy delivery from food against the quantity used by organism, as well as too small physical activity. These factors lead to excessive increase of body fat quantity which has a detrimental impact on the health condition.The purpose of the study is a body composition assessment in women aged 50-80 living in KujawskoPomorskie Voivodeship.1902 female inhabitants of Kujawsko-Pomorskie Voivodeship participated in the study which was divided into six age groups. The fat mass level and the fat free mass level of the body was evaluated with the assistance of electrical bioimpedance method. The content of water in the organism and, indirectly, the basic metabolism level were also determined.With age women exhibit the decrease of fat free body mass and water level in the organism; whereas the body mass and, at the same time, the body fat content are observed to increase for women between 50 and 70 years of age. Above the age of 70 this tendency is reversed and the body mass and the body fat level decline. It was also observed that with age the basic metabolism level systematically diminishes within the population. S t r e s z c z e n i eOtyłość to problem coraz częściej występujący w polskiej populacji. Przyczyną jest nadmierne dostarczanie energii z pokarmów w stosunku do ilości zużywanych przez organizm, a także zbyt mała aktywność fizyczna. Czynniki te prowadzą do nadmiernego zwiększenia ilości tkanki tłuszczowej, niekorzystnie wpływającej na stan zdrowia.Celem badania jest ocena składu ciała kobiet między 50 a 80 rokiem życia zamieszkujących województwo kujawskopomorskie.W badaniu uczestniczyły 1902 mieszkanki województwa kujawsko-pomorskiego, które podzielono na sześć grup wiekowych. Oceniono u nich za pomocą metody bioimpedancji elektrycznej poziom masy tłuszczowej i beztłuszczowej ciała. Określono również zawartość wody w organizmie i pośrednio poziom podstawowej przemiany materii.Wraz z wiekiem u kobiet następuje obniżenie beztłusz-czowej masy ciała i poziomu wody w organizmie. Obserwuje się natomiast wzrost masy ciała i jednocześnie zawartości tkanki tłuszczowej u kobiet między 50 a 70 rokiem życia.

No abstract

Introduction.It is commonly known that the process of aging causes numerous barriers as far as social activity routines are concerned. Aim. The purpose of this study is to evaluate muscle strength on a sample of a chosen group of women above 50 years of age in Kujawsko-Pomorskie Voivodeship. Material and methods. 3413 women, aged 50-80 years participated and were analyzed. They were divided into six age groups. Results and conclusions. All women were subjected to three muscle strength tests. The results of the "30-second Chair Stand", "Arm Curl" and "8-foot Up and Go" tests showed the decrease of muscle strength in women, depending on age from 18.3 repetitions to 15.3 repetitions ("30-second Chair Stand") and from 21.6 repetitions to 17.1 repetitions ("Arm Curl"). In the "8-foot Up and Go", which is a complicated test evaluating both explosive muscle strength and coordination, the time necessary for performing it elongates from 5.3 seconds in the youngest group to 6.3 seconds in the oldest group. Test results indicate unmistakably that muscle strength diminishes with age. Secondly, muscle strength reduction is equally related to both upper and lower limbs. 8-foot Up and Go test, which may also be used to evaluate the risk of falling, shows that it is of great importance to shape this ability since it declines in the quickest way.

S u m m a r yNowadays obesity is one of the most important problems in the developed countries. It is characterized by the excess increase of fat tissue. The main causes of obesity are insufficient amount of physical activity and overdosing of energy delivered with food.The purpose of this paper is the assessment of skinfold thickness and the percentage of fat tissue content in women between 50 and 80 years of age.1215 female inhabitants of Kujawsko-Pomorskie Voivodeship participated in the study and were divided into 6 age groups in 5-year divisions. The skinfold thickness was assessed and the percentage of fat tissue content was calculated. The measurements were made with the skinfold caliper.All tested women in the respective age groups, according to BMI index, were overweight, whereas the percentage of fat tissue content was over 40% in all groups. In 65-69 age bracket there is an increase of all tested parameters, whereas in women above 70 years of age a visible decrease of measured skinfold thickness values is observed as well as reduction of proportional fat tissue content. S t r e s z c z e n i e Otyłość obecnie jest jednym z ważniejszych problemów w krajach wysokorozwiniętych. Charakteryzuje się nadmiernym zwiększeniem ilości tkanki tłuszczowej. Głównymi przyczynami występowania otyłości są: niedostateczna ilość aktywności fizycznej i nadmiar dostarczanej energii z poży-więniem.Celem pracy jest ocena grubości fałdów skórno-tłusz-czowych i procentowej zawartości tkanki tłuszczowej u kobiet między 50 a 80 rokiem życia.W badaniu uczestniczyło 1215 mieszkanek województwa kujawsko-pomorskiego, które podzielono na sześć grup wiekowych w przedziałach 5-letnich. Oceniono grubość fał-dów skórno-tłuszczowych i obliczono procentową zawartość tkanki tłuszczowej. Pomiary wykonano u nich za pomocą fałdomierza.Wszystkie badane kobiety w poszczególnych grupach wiekowych według wskaźnika BMI miały nadwagę, natomiast procentowa zawartość tkanki tłuszczowej wyniosła we wszystkich grupach ponad 40% wskazując na otyłość według norm WHO. W przedziale wiekowym 65-69 lat dochodzi do wzrostu wszystkich badanych parametrów, natomiast u kobiet powyżej 70 roku życia obserwuje się wyraźny spadek wartości mierzonych fałdów skórno-tłusz-czowych i zmniejszenie procentowej zawartości tkanki tłuszczowej.